ອົງການ ສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ ໃນການຕ້ານ ການກາຍເປັນທະເລຊາຍ

Gharat (Water Mills) - A Traditional Eco-friendly Practice [ອິນເດຍ]

  • ​ການ​ສ້າງ:
  • ​ປັບ​ປູງ:
  • ຜູ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ:
  • ບັນນາທິການ:
  • ຜູ້ທົບທວນຄືນ:

ການລາຍງານກິດຈະການ: India

​ເບິ່ງ​ປະ​ຫວັດ
ຄວາມສົມບູນ: 69%

ຂໍ້​ມູນ​ທົ່ວ​ໄປ

ຂໍ້​ມູນ​ທົ່ວ​ໄປ

ຫົວຂໍ້ຂອງການປະຕິບັດທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດ:

Gharat (Water Mills) - A Traditional Eco-friendly Practice

ປະເທດ:

ອິນເດຍ

ການລາຍງານກິດຈະການ:

India

ຂໍ້ມູນຈໍາເພາະ

ພາກທີ 1: ສະພາບການຂອງການປະຕິບັດ ທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດ: ສະພາບການພາ (ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມທໍາມະຊາດ ແລະ ມະນຸດ)

ອະທິບາຍຫຍໍ້ເນື້ອໃນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດ

'Gharats' or water flour mills run on a stream's kinetic energy to turn the shaft of the grinding mill. The water is diverted from the stream or river along a channel or canal to the water wheel. The force of the water's movement drives the blades of a wheel or turbine, which in turn rotates an axle that drives the mill's other machinery. The water leaves the wheel through the continuation of the channel. This may in-turn feed another mill. The passage of water is controlled by sluice gates that allow maintenance.
The project undertook the task of rebuilding and rejuvenating these watermills as  these Gharats had low efficiencies ranging from 10%- 15% only.
Under the project this abundant and renewable waterpower resource was exploited more effectively with appropriate and modernized equipment, and concrete structures which required less maintenance cost every year.  These changes increased the processing capacity of the Gharats from 5-6 kg to 10-15 kg of wheat per hour. This played a key role in driving sustainable economic development in the hilly regions Improving the food quality of the milled cereals available to the inhabitants of this project area was another major concern. We know that the flour from these water mills is rather coarse as compared with the ones from the power mills of the plains and has more roughage (fibre content) hence, considered healthy. Operationalization of large number of Gharats is a indicator that eco-system services have improved (water flow).

ສະຖານທີ່

Nainital and  Augustyamuni, Divisions of Uttarakhand|

ອະທິບາຍຫຍໍ້ ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ ພາຍໃນພື້ນທີ່

Warm temperate conditions prevail in the Middle Himalayan valleys, with summer temperatures usually hovering about the mark of 25° C and cooler winters. Cool temperate conditions dominate the higher areas of the Middle Himalayas, where the summer temperatures are usually around 15 to 18° C and winters drop below the freezing point.|
In the north, the soil ranges from gravel (debris from glaciers) to stiff clay. Brown forest soil—often shallow,
gravelly, and rich in organic content—is found farther to the south.
There are three distinct topographical belts - the Shivaliks in the sub Himalayan tract (300-600m amsl), the Himachal ranges in the lower Himalayan region (1,500 2,700m amsl), and the Himadri ranges in the upper Himalayan region (4,800-6,000m amsl). The Garhwal and Kumaon regions of the State together form approximately 350km of the 2,500km long Himalayan range. The middle hill region that lies between 1,800-3,000m is mostly forested, thinly populated and  has poor water supply.|

ສະພາວະທາງສັງຄົມ ແລະ ເສດຖະກິດ ຂອງຜູ້ຄົນທີ່ດໍາລົງຊີວິດ ໃນສະຖານທີ່ ແລະ / ຫຼືໃກ້ຄຽງ

Main income sources- are through sale of farm produce, livestock products, livestock and other non farm based activities.   |

ບົນພື້ນຖານປະເພດ ແລະ ຕົວຊີ້ວັດ (ຫຼາຍ) ອັນໃດ (ບໍ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບຍຸດທະສາດ) ຊຶ່ງຈຸດປະສົງ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການພິຈາລະນາ ວ່າເປັນການຈັດຕັ້ງທີ່ "ດີທີ່ສູດ"?

• Revival of traditional practices
• Eco friendly.
• Decrease in fuel consumption for grinding purposes.
• Increase in Income of local people.

ພາກທີ 2. ການບັນຫາການແກ້ໄຂ (ກົງ ແລະ ທາງອ້ອມສາເຫດ) ແລະ ຈຸດປະສົງຂອງການປະຕິບັດ ທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດ

ບັນຫາຕົ້ນຕໍໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດ

Time saving |Energy efficient  

ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ທີ່ດີແມ່ນແນ່ໃສ່ການແກ້ໃຂບັນຫາ ການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

The technology involves diverting water from the stream or river along a channel or canal to the water wheel. The water leaves the wheel through the continuation of the channel thus the flow of water is channelized which helps to check soil erosion. The channelized water is used for irrigation purposes which helps to increase agriculture productivity.

ແຈ້ງຈຸດປະສົງ ຂອງການປະຕິບັດທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດ

To revive the traditional practices which are eco friendly and a source of  alternate renewable energy.|Health benefits- the flour from these water mills is rather coarse as compared with the ones from the power mills, thus health benefits to local people|Livelihood option- The watermills would be used to harness the natural water flow for grinding purposes which would provide an additional source of income to the local people.

ພາກທີ 3. ກິດຈະກໍາ

ລາຍລະອຽດຂອງກິດຈະກໍາຕົ້ນຕໍ, ໂດຍຈຸດປະສົງ

Rejuvenation of gharats – These Gharats were rebuild and rejuvenated to enhance their grinding capacity and for health and hygiene purposes.|Promoting use of technology- Local people  had to be encouraged for using this technology as a livelihood option.
Awareness generation-People were made aware about the usage of locally available alternate renewable energy sources and significance of this on the ecosystem. |Organizing into self help groups (SHG’s)-Local people were organized into self help groups for ease of mobilization, social interactions and economic interactions for sustainable use of renewable energy resources and revival of traditional practices.|Promoting use of technology- The technology of floor grinding using gharats is well known to people of Uttarakhand. They had to be encouraged for enhanced usage of this technology.
Awareness generation- People were made aware about the benefits of using flour from these water mills as it is  coarse as compared with the ones from the power mills of the plains and has more roughage (fibre content) hence, more healthy. |Promoting use of watermills - People were motivated for using watermills for grinding purposes.

ຄໍາອະທິບາຍສັ້ນ ແລະ ຂໍ້ກໍາໜົດ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

• 'Gharats' or water flour mills run on a stream's kinetic energy to turn the shaft of the grinding mill. The water is diverted from the stream or river along a channel or canal to the water wheel. The force of the water's movement drives the blades of a wheel or turbine, which in turn rotates an axle that drives the mill's other machinery. The water leaves the wheel through the continuation of the channel. This may in-turn feed another mill. The passage of water is controlled by sluice gates that allow maintenance.
• These Gharats are popular due to its simple and cost effective mechanism, besides this they are eco-friendly. After slight modifications in the technology, these gharats are now producing more healthier and coarser flour. Maintenance cost of Gharats has also reduced very much and their efficiency has increased from 5-6 kg. to 10-12 kg./hour.

ພາກທີ 4: ສະຖາບັນ / ພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ ທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ (ການຮ່ວມມື, ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ,​ ພາລະບົດບາດຂອງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

ຊື່ ແລະ ທີ່ຢູ່ຂອງສະຖາບັນການພັດທະນາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

Watershed Management Directorate Uttarakhand|Forest Colony, Indiranagar
Dehradun

ການພັດທະນາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ມີການຮ່ວມມືບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ຂອງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ, ປະກອບດ້ວຍ CSOs, ຜຸ້ທີ່ມີສ່ວນໃນການພັດທະນາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

ສໍາລັບພາກສ່ວນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ ທີ່ລະບຸໄວ້ຂ້າງເທິງ, ລະບຸ ພາລະບົດບາດ ຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າໃນການອອກແບບ, ການແນະນໍາ, ການນໍາໃຊ້ ແລະ ບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ, ຖ້າມີ.

N.A.

ມີປະຊາກອນ ທີ່ອາໃສຢຸ່ໃນພື້ນທີ່ ແລະ ພື້ນທີ່ຢູ່ໃກ້ຄຽງ ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ ໃນການພັດທະນາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

ການວິເຄາະ

ພາກທີ 5. ການປະກອບສ່ວນໃສ່ຜົນກະທົບ

ອະທິບາຍ ຜົນກະທົບ ທາງກົງຕໍ່ພື້ນທີ່ການຜະລິດ (2 ຜົນກະທົບຫຼັກໂດຍແບ່ງໝວດໝູ່)

Increase in income of local people.
Controlling land degradation
Improved health of people

ພັນລະນາ ຄວາມໝາຍ ຂອງຜົນກະທົບ ທາງອ້ອມ ທີ່ກະທົບໃສ່ນອກພື້ນທີ່ (ຕົວຢ່າງ, ທີ່ບໍ່ປະກົດໃນພື້ນທີ່ ແຕ່ຢູ່ອ້ອມແອ້ມພື້ນທີ່)

N.A.

ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ຊີວະນາໆພັນ ແລະ ສະພາບການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ

ອະທິບາຍເຫດຜົນ:

Promotes use of alternate renewable energy resources like hydro power thus decreasing the use of fossil fuels.

ພາກ 6 ການຮັບເອົາ ແລະ ການເຮັດຊໍ້າ

ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ເຜີຍແຜ່ / ການນໍາສະເໜີສະຖານທີ່ອື່ນໆ?

ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ເຜີຍແຜ່ / ການນໍາສະເໜີສະຖານທີ່ອື່ນໆ?

ແມ່ນ

ທ່ານສາມາດກໍານົດ 3 ເງື່ອນໄຂຫຼັກ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ປະສົບຜົນສໍາເລັດ ແລະ ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດໄດ້ດີບໍ?

Motivated local People- Local people for want of livelihood options readily adopted the practice as the basic infrastructure and the technical knowhow was already existing. People were organized into self help groups to promote the activity on a larger scale.
Availability of funds under the project facilitated rejuvenation of this age old practice.
Traditional practice of using Gharats – In Uttarakhand people since ages have been using water energy to run these gharats for grinding cereals however it was on decline due to lack of financial resources.

ການເຮັດຊໍ້າ

ໃນທັດສະນະມູມມອງຂອງທ່ານ, ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດເອົາໄປນໍາໃຊ້ໄດ້ຢູ່ພື້ນທີ່ອື່ນໆບໍ ເຖິງວ່າມີບາງລະດັບການປັບຕົວ?

ແມ່ນ

ໃນລະດັບໃດ?
  • ລະຫວ່າງປະເທດ

ພາກທີ 7. ບົດຮຽນທີ່ຖອດຖອນໄດ້

ທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ

Awareness generation leads to change in the mind set of local people. |Organizing the people into self help groups ensures sustainability of the activity. |Capacity building facilitates the rural people in accounting and record keeping.

ທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບລັກສະນະດ້ານວິຊາການ

Simple Technology helped in adaptation. |Easy operation and maintenance cost helps in acceptability of the technique. |As the machine runs on hydro power so it is eco friendly which thus reduces the cost of production

ຂໍ້ມູນການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ ແລະ ເນື້ອໃນ

ຂະຫຍາຍທັງໝົດ ຍຸບທັງໝົດ

ເນື້ອໃນ