Арга барилууд

Joint village land use planning [Бүгд Найрамдах Нэгдсэн Танзани Улс]

Шинийг нээх: 01/04/2018 2:55 p.m.
Шинэчлэх: 11/02/2021 11:55 a.m.
Эмхэтгэгч: Fiona Flintan
Хянан тохиолдуулагч: –
Хянагчид: Donia Mühlematter, Simone Verzandvoort, Rima Mekdaschi Studer, Joana Eichenberger

approaches_3336 - Бүгд Найрамдах Нэгдсэн Танзани Улс

Бүлгүүдийг үзэх

Бүгдийг дэлгэх

Бүрэн байдал: 92%

1. Ерөнхий мэдээлэл

1.2 Арга барилыг баримтжуулах болон үнэлгээ хийхэд оролцсон хүн эсвэл байгууллагын холбоо барих хаяг

Мэдээлэл өгсөн хүн(с)

ГТМ мэргэжилтэн:

Fiona Flintan

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн төслийн нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

Sustainable Rangeland Management Project (ILC / ILRI)

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн төслийн нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

Book project: Guidelines to Rangeland Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (Rangeland Management)

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

ILRI International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) - Кени

1.3 WOCAT-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?

30/11/2016

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

2. ГТМ Арга барилын тодорхойлолт

2.1 Арга барилын товч тодорхойлолт

Joint village land use planning is a process facilitated by Tanzania's land policy and legislation. It supports the planning, protection and management of shared resources across village boundaries. It is an important tool towards land use planning and better rangeland management. This case study provides an example from a cluster of villages in Kiteto District, Tanzania.

2.2 Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:

The Sustainable Rangeland Management Project (SRMP) is an initiative led by Tanzania’s Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the National Land Use Planning Commission (NLUPC), with support from International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Irish Aid and the International Land Coalition (ILC). A key innovation of the project has been the development of joint village land use planning (JVLUP). The JVLUP process in Kiteto District, Manyara Region began in November 2013, and included the villages of Lerug, Ngapapa, and Orkitikiti. The three villages share boundaries and grazing resources, and in order to illustrate a single shared identity across the boundaries, the name OLENGAPA was chosen - incorporating part of each village’s name.
The total area of the three villages is (approx.) 59,000 hectares. The majority of inhabitants are Maasai pastoralists with some Ndorobo hunter-gatherers, and some farmers - most of whom are seasonal migrants. Mobility is central to the survival of the pastoralists and takes place across the three villages, as well as to locations in Kilindi, Gairo, and Bagamoyo Districts.
Average annual rainfall is between 800-1,000 mm per annum. There are no perennial rivers flowing through the OLENGAPA villages. The only permanent surface water source is Orkitikiti Dam, constructed in 1954.
In order to understand the different resources such as grazing areas, water points, cropping areas, livestock routes, and cultural places, SRMP supported participatory mapping. This assisted in developing a base map for the village land use planning process: it showed which resources were shared by the villages and where they were situated.
SRMP then helped village members to agree the individual village land use maps and plans - which zoned the village land into priority land uses - as well as the joint village land use map and plan, and the joint village land use agreement (JVLUA). These specified the grazing areas, water points, livestock routes and other shared resources. Reaching agreement was a protracted negotiation process between the villages, and within villages also - between different interest groups. It involved numerous community meetings and considerable investment of resources. Finally, each Village Assembly approved the JVLUA, which allocated approx. 20,700 ha of land for shared grazing –around 40% of the total village area. By-laws for management of the resources were developed and adopted.
Following approval of the JVLUA, the three OLENGAPA Village Councils established a Joint Grazing Land Committee made up of members from all three villages. This Committee is responsible for planning, management, enforcement of by-laws applicable to the OLENGAPA, and coordination of the implementation of both the OLENGAPA land use agreements and joint land use plan. In addition, a Livestock Keepers Association was established, including 53 founding members – but with most households from the three villages being associate members. A constitution was developed for the Association, which was officially registered on 11 September 2015.
In January 2016 the Ministry of Lands approved and registered the village land boundary maps and deed plans for the three villages. The District Council has issued the village land certificates, and the next step is for Village Councils to begin issuing Certificates of Customary Rights of Occupancy (CCROs). The shared grazing area will require three group CCROs to be issued to the Livestock Keepers Association – one from each village - for the part of the grazing area that falls under its jurisdiction. Signboards and beacons marking the shared grazing area are being put in place.
In November 2017 a fourth village joined OLENGAPA, expanding the shared grazing area to 30,000 ha. The villages are now working to develop a management plan to improve rangeland productivity.

2.3 Арга барилын зурагууд

Медиа галерей

2.5 Арга барил нэвтрүүлсэн улс орон / бүс нутаг / байршил

Улс:

Бүгд Найрамдах Нэгдсэн Танзани Улс

Улс/аймаг/сум:

Manyara Region

Байршлын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:

Kiteto District

Тайлбар:

Kiteto District, Manyara Region, Tanzania

2.6 Арга барилыг эхлэх, дуусах огноо

Эхлэх жилийг тэмдэглэ:

2010

Хугацаа дуусах жил (Хэрэв арга барил удаанаар ашиглаагүй бол):

2017

2.7 Арга барилын төрөл

төсөл / хөтөлбөр дээр үндэслэсэн

2.8 Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилтууд

To secure shared grazing areas and other rangeland resources for livestock keepers, and to improve their management.

2.9 Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжсэн Технологи/Технологиудад дэмжсэн эсвэл саад учруулсан нөхцлүүд

нийгэм / соёл / шашны хэм хэмжээ, үнэт зүйлс

Идэвхижүүлэх

History of collective tenure, management and sharing of rangeland resources as part of sustainable rangeland management practices.

Хазаарлалт

Marginalisation of pastoralists from decision-making processes at local and higher levels.

санхүүгийн нөөц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж / боломж

Хазаарлалт

Village land use planning process is costly due to the requirement to include government experts in the process in order to gather required data and to authorise plans. Lack of government priority to village land use planning, so poor allocation of government funds to the process.

Бүтэц зохион байгуулалт

Идэвхижүүлэх

Strong local government/community institutions for leading process at local albeit their capacity may require building.

талуудыг хамтын ажиллагаа/зохицуулалт

Хазаарлалт

Poor coordination of different actors supporting VLUP in the past due to previous weakness of National Land Use Planning Commission (NLUPC). However, this is now changing as NLUPC becomes stronger and takes up coordination role.

Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх)

Идэвхижүүлэх

Tanzania's legislation, if implemented well, provides an enabling environment for securing of community/village rights for both individuals and groups.

Хазаарлалт

Legislation allows village land to be transferred into public land if in the "public" or "national" interest - this facility confers insecurity on village land.

Бодлогууд

Идэвхижүүлэх

Tanzania possesses facilitating national land use policy for the joint village land use planning approach, together with guidelines.

Хазаарлалт

There are conflicting policies over land coming from different sectors including land generally, together with forests, wildlife and livestock. These cause confusion at the local level. Depending on power of actors one set of policies may be stronger than another - wildlife-related policy for example can have a lot of power because there are many strong and influential tourism and conservation bodies lobbying for stronger protection of land, with potentially negative impacts for communities who want to use that land for other purposes.

Газрын засаглал (шийдвэр гаргах, хэрэгжүүлэх, шаардлага)

Идэвхижүүлэх

Decision-making has been decentralised to the lowest levels, giving local communities considerable power to decide on the uses of their village land.

Хазаарлалт

The process of village land use planning is costly due to the requirement for having local government experts involved, and the need to follow often complex procedures and steps. Many communities and even local government do not have adequate technical skills and knowledge to complete the long process, as well as not having adequate funds. This has held up the VLUP applications. Further few VLUPs move from their production stage to implementation stage including enforcement of bylaws and, for example, land management.

ГТМ-ийн талаарх мэдлэг, техникийн дэмжлэг авах боломж

Идэвхижүүлэх

Good local knowledge of rangeland management based on historical practice. Communities understand need for better rangeland management.

Хазаарлалт

Lack of investment in rangeland management and the provision of technical support e.g. through government extension services. Lack of technical knowledge in rangeland rehabilitation and improving rangeland productivity at scale.

зах зээл (материал худалдан авах, бүтээгдэхүүн борлуулах), үнэ

Хазаарлалт

Lack of local markets and coordinated operations for livestock production.

ажлын багтаамж, хүн хүчний нөөц бололцоо

Идэвхижүүлэх

Well-structured local community bodies ready to provide manpower. Local government experts in place to support VLUP process.

Хазаарлалт

Lack of knowledge, skills and capacity amongst local communities and government experts to complete JVLUP adequately, including such as resolving conflicts between different land users.

3. Оролцогч талуудын оролцоо ба үүргүүд

3.1 Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүргүүд

Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд

Village members (Assembly) of three villages - Orikitiki, Lerug and Ngapapa.

All village members as the Village Assembly have an opportunity to contribute to the land use planning process and to approve it.

олон нийтэд түшиглэсэн байгууллагууд

Village Council, Village Land Use Management Committee (VLUMC), Rangeland Management Committee, Livestock Keepers Association.

Village government coordinated the planning process at local level. VLUMC develops plan. Village Council approves plans and issues CCROs. Rangeland Management Committee oversees development in rangelands. Livestock Keepers Association established made-up of all members of the villages that have livestock (nearly all village members) - they will be issued with CCROs as "owners" of the grazing land.

ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/ хөдөө аж ахуйн зөвлөх

Land use planning consultants

Provision of advice to the project team, local government and villagers on the JVLUP approach.

Судлаачид

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Identification of good practice in village land use planning in Tanzania and ways to adapt and incorporate good practice into joint village land use planning to improve the approach. Research on role of and impact on pastoral women. Undertaking of baseline studies.

ТББ

KINNAPA Development Association (supported originally by CARE and Tanzania Natural Resource Forum).

KINNAPA is the local CSO partner working as part of the project to implement the JVLUP with local communities

Орон нутгийн захиргаа

District Council including the PLUM (participatory land use management planning experts)

The District Council provides local government oversight of the planning process and approves the plan before submitting to national government body. The PLUM technically supports the development of the JVLUP working with the village government(s) and village committees.

Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч)

Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, National Land Use Planning Commission (NLUPC), Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development,

Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries leading the planning process with a sectoral interest in protecting rangelands. NLUPC provides technical oversight and guidance. Ministry of Lands is the national body that approves the final plan.

Олон улсын байгууллага

International Land Coalition (ILC)

ILC is the grant recipient for the funds from the donors. The project is implemented through ILC members such as ILRI. ILC coordinates its members work in Tanzania on land issues including the JVLUP through a national engagement strategy (NES). ILC also provides technical support to the process through its global/Africa programme - the ILC Rangelands Initiative. The ILC Rangelands Initiative is a platform for learning, sharing, influencing, and connecting on rangeland issues with the objective of making rangelands more secure.

Donors

IFAD and Irish Aid

Provide funds for the project. IFAD also provides technical support on land tenure issues.

Хэрэв хэд хэдэн оролцогч талууд оролцсон бол голлох төлөөлөгчийг зааж өгнө үү:

The lead agency is the International Land Coalition (ILC) working through its members including ILRI. In country, the main implementer is the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries

3.2 Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлэглэлүүдийг татан оролцуулах

	Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэдийн оролцоо	Хэн оролцсоныг тодорхойлж, үйл ажиллагааг тайлбарлана уу
санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт	Гадаад дэмжлэг	The project supported communities to initiate the first steps taken to reach agreement on the need for planning and how this would be done.
Төлөвлөгөө	интерактив	Communities were centrally involved in the planning of the VLUP process, with support from local NGO and government.
Хэрэгжилт	интерактив	Village government and community in general is responsible for the implementation of the planning process, with the support of local government.
Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ	Гадаад дэмжлэг	The community is responsible for monitoring and evaluation, but lack skills and capacity in this regard requiring external support.
Research	Гадаад дэмжлэг	Research on information required for planning processes collected and generated by communities with the assistance of technical support from local NGO, local government and researchers.

3.3 Диаграм (хэрэв боломжтой бол)

Тодорхойлолт:

Steps in the Joint Village Land Use Planning Process

Зохиогч:

Fiona Flintan

3.4 ГТМ-ийн технологи/технологиуд сонгох шийдвэр

Хэрэгжүүлэх Технологи/Технологиудын сонголтыг хийж шийдвэр гаргасан хүнийг тодорхойлно уу:

оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд

Тайлбар:

The policy and legislation lays down the steps to be followed for the VLUP/JVLUP process. However there is room to adapt these processes to local context - and here all stakeholders were involved to develop the process of JVLUP through its first piloting. This included communities, local and national government, local NGOs, researchers and development organisations.

Шийдвэрийг юунд үндэслэн гаргасан:

ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)

4. Техникийн дэмжлэг, чадавхи бүрдүүлэх, мэдлэгийн менежмент

4.1 Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх/сургалт

Газар эзэмшигчид / бусад оролцогч талуудад сургалт явуулсан уу?

Тийм

Хэн сургалтанд хамрагдсан бэ:

Газар ашиглагчид
хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх

government staff

Сургалтын хэлбэр:

Ажил дээр
Олон нийтийн уулзалт
курс дамжаа

Хамрагдсан сэвдүүд:

Land users were trained in land related and other relevant laws and the JVLUP process. Field staff/advisers were trained in land laws, the JVLUP process, gender, and conflict resolution. Local government were trained in the JVLUP process, gender and conflict resolution.

4.2 Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ

Газар ашиглагчдад зөвлөх үйлчилгээ авах боломжтой байдаг уу?

Үгүй

4.3 Институцийг бэхжүүлэх (байгууллагын хөгжил)

Арга барилаар дамжуулан институц байгуулагдаж эсвэл бэхжсэн үү?

Тийм, маш их

Байгууллагууд бэхжиж, үүсэн бий болсон түвшин(үүд)-г тодорхойлно уу:

Орон нутгийн
Үндэсний

Байгууллага, үүрэг, хариуцлага, гишүүд гэх мэтийг тайлбарлах:

Local government bodies including Village Council, VLUMC (village land use management committee) and Livestock Keepers Association have all had capacity strengthened, but more is required (particularly for the latter). Capacity of the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries and the National Land Use Planning Commission to implement JVLUP has been built.

Дэмжлэгийн төрлийг ялга:

Санхүүгийн
чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
Тоног төхөөрөмж

data collected and database set up

4.4 Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ

Мониторинг болон үнэлгээ нь арга барилын хэсэг үү?

Тийм

Тайлбар:

M&E has not been strong in previous phases, but now is central with baselines being carried out in all new clusters of villages where the project will work so that impact can be fully assessed.

Хэрэв тийм бол энэ баримт бичиг нь мониторинг, үнэлгээнд ашиглагдахаар зориулагдсан уу?

Үгүй

4.5 Судалгаа

Судалгаа арга барилын хэсэг нь байсан уу?

Тийм

Сэдвийг тодруулна уу:

Социологи
Эдийн засаг/ зах зээл
Экологи

Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээллийг өгч, хэн судалгаа явуулсныг бичнэ үү:

Research was carried out to identify good practice (in terms of social, economic and environmental impacts) from which the JVLUP process was developed. In future phases the full impacts of this JVLUP in terms of social, economic and ecological impact are being researched.

5. Санхүүгийн болон гадаад материаллаг дэмжлэг

5.1 ГТМ-ийн Арга барилын бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв

Хэрэв жилийн төсөв тодорхойгүй бол хягаарыг тодруулна уу:

10,000-100,000

Тайлбар (жнь: санхүүжилтийн гол эх үүсвэр / гол хандивлагчид):

IFAD, Irish Aid,

5.2 Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн

Технологи / технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчид санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг авсан уу?

Үгүй

5.3 Тодорхой зардлыг даахад чиглэсэн дэмжлэгт (хөдөлмөрийн хүчийг оролцуулаад)

үгүй

Хэрэв газар ашиглагчийн хөдөлмөрийн хүч чухал байсан бол энэ нь аль хэлбэр байсан:

сайн дурын

Тайлбар:

Labour was voluntary with meal provided and/or travel costs covered.

5.4 Кредит

Арга барилын хүрээнд ГТМ-ийн үйл ажиллагаанд зориулж зээлд хамрагдсан уу?

Үгүй

5.5 Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл

ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжилтийг дэмжихэд ашигласан бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл байсан уу?

Тийм

Хэрэв тийм бол, тодруулна уу:

Tanzanian policy and legislation states that all village should have a VLUP, therefore this was an incentive for stakeholders to invest in the process. In addition conflicts over land use are increasingly a problem in Tanzania - so the resolution of these was also an important incentive.

6. Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт

6.1 Арга барилын нөлөөллүүд

Арга барил нь орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчдыг чадваржуулах, оролцогч талуудын оролцоог сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Local village communities now feel strongly empowered in protecting and managing their land. The process has brought different stakeholders together and strengthened commitment to make the process work.

Арга барил нь нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах боломж олгосон уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

The piloting of the JVLUP showed what is possible and the positive impacts realised (albeit they could have been better documented). On these results the process is being scaled-up.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

The planning process has laid the foundations for improved rangeland management - what is now required is investment in that management.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн зардал хэмнэсэн хэрэгжилт, зохицуулалтыг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн хэрэгжилтийн санхүүгийн эх үүсвэрийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулах / эргэлтэнд оруулахад чиглэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Арга барил нь ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчдын мэдлэг, чадварыг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Land users have greater knowledge of the potential and need for rangeland management based on a better understanding of their land and resources gained through the JVLUP process, but they still need skills and resources to put this knowledge into action.

Энэ арга барил бусад сонирхогч талуудын мэдлэг, чадавхийг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

National and local government have seen the potential of the JVLUP to resolve conflicts over land use, and their capacities to implement the JVLUP in this regard has been improved.

Арга барил нь оролцогч талуудын хооронд институци, хамтын ажиллагааг бий болгож, бэхжүүлсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

The approach is helping build relations between the Ministry Livestock and Fisheries and the NLUPC together with NGO(s) at national level, as well as between different stakeholders involved in JVLUP at local levels.

Энэ арга барил зөрчилдөөнийг багасгасан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Through the process of JVLUP the roots of land use conflicts come to the surface and must be resolved before agreement is reached. This may cause tensions and even conflict along the way - but the outcome should be positive.

Арга барил нь эмзэг бүлгийнхнийг нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хувьд чадавхижуулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Pastoralists are often left out of village land use planning processes. This approach when implemented well gives greater opportunity for them to be involved. However this is still a challenge.

Арга барил нь жендэрийн тэгш байдлыг сайжруулж, эмэгтэйчүүд, охидыг чадавхжуулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Women can be left out of village land use planning processes. This approach when implemented well gives greater opportunity for them to be involved. However this is still a challenge.

Арга барил нь газар ашиглагч залуучууд / дараагийн үеийн хүмүүсийг ГТМ-д оролцохыг хөхүүлэн дэмжсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Youth can be left out of village land use planning processes. This approach when implemented well gives greater opportunity for them to be involved. However this is still a challenge.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд саад учруулсан газрын эзэмшил / ашиглах эрхийг сайжруулахад чиглэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

By following the JVLUP process village land has been certified and secured, as well as the rights of access and use of livestock keepers to the grazing land.

Арга барил нь чанаржуулсан шим тэжээл/ хүнсний аюулгүй байдалд хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

This has not been specifically monitored but it assumed by having stronger security to land and resources, food security and nutrition will be improved.

Арга барил нь зах зээлийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

This has not been specifically monitored but it assumed by having stronger security to land and resources, access to markets will be improved.

Арга барил нь ус, ариун цэврийн байгууламжийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

In terms of water for livestock the JVLUP process has secured rights for the three villages to shared water resources.

Арга барил нь эрчим хүчний эх үүсвэр/ илүү тогтвортой ашиглалтад хүргэх үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Арга барил нь газар ашиглагчид уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтөд дасан зохицох чадварыг дээшлүүлж, уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлттэй холбоотой гамшгийг бууруулах чадавхийг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

By having stronger security to land and resources local land users are better placed to adapt to climate change etc.

Арга барил нь хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт, орлогын боломжид хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

This has not been specifically monitored but it assumed by having stronger security to land and resources, income opportunities will be improved.

6.2 ГТМ-ийг хэрэгжүүлэх газар ашиглагчидын гол санаачилга

үйлдвэрлэл нэмэгдсэн

By protecting grazing areas, there will be more secure access to resources required for livestock production.

Газрын доройтол буурсан

By protecting grazing areas and improvement of rangeland management practices land degradation will be reduced.

Гамшигийн эрсдэл буурсан

With more secure access to land and resources, local land users are better placed to manage their resources in order to reduce risks to disasters.

дүрэм журам (торгууль) / сахиулах

By gaining protection from village certification, village land use planning and local bylaws developed as part of this, local land users are better placed to enforce rules and regulations relating to land use and to prevent encroachment/trespassing by outsiders.

нэр хүнд, нийгмийн дарамт / нийгмийн холбоо

The JVLUP process improved the social cohesion and group identify of the three villages - expressed in the name OLENGAPA (made up of the three village names). There is a strong livestock keepers association now made up of livestock keepers from all three villages who are working more closely together.

зөрчилдөөнийг бууруулах

The JVLUP helped to resolve land use conflicts by opening up space to discuss root causes, find solutions and come to agreement between land users.

6.3 Арга барилын үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал

Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой хадгалж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?

Тодорхойгүй

Хэрэв үгүй эсвэл тодорхойгүй бол дэлгэрэнгүй тайлбар өгнө үү:

The community requires support from local government to protect their village lands including grazing lands from outsiders wanting to settle on the land - this is a constant problem to be addressed (despite the securing of village boundaries etc.). The community also needs capacity building and resources to improve the productivity of the land including the grazing areas. If they get these supports then they can sustain what has been implemented.

6.4 Арга барилын тогтвортой/давуу тал/боломжууд

Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
Improved the security of access and use to village land including grazing.
Brought attention to the challenges faced by land users in the area in protecting and using their village land, and the need for more investment and support for this.
Pastoralists are now more central to decision-making processes than they were before.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
Collaboration of different stakeholders in implementing the approach has supported a new way of working.
Capacity of different stakeholders has been built along the way through joint problem-solving and learning-by-doing.
The approach - with adaptation - has application in other contexts/countries and shows that even if a rangeland is split by administrative boundaries there is opportunity to work across those village boundaries in order to maintain the functionality of the rangeland and land use systems such as pastoralism that depend upon this.

6.5 Арга барилын дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийн хэрхэн даван туулах арга замууд

Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Despite village land being theoretically protected, in practice it can still be encroached upon.	Greater support provided from government to enforce protection of land.
Time-consuming process which became more expensive than anticipated resulting in some gaps in funding.	Process needs to be refined through practice, and adequate funds allocated from beginning.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
The selection of villages for JVLUP needs more care to ensure that enabling conditions for JVLUP exist.	In future selection of villages for JVLUP a set of criteria should be used that enable more enabling conditions to exist.
Information has not been methodologically collected on social, environmental and economic impacts of the approach.	In future the impacts of the approach need to be fully monitored and evaluated.
The VLUP is an expensive process to follow.	National government needs to identify ways to reduce the cost of the VLUP so that more villages can undertake it. Government needs to allocate more funds to VLUP. The VLUP is an expensive process to follow.
Need for an enabling environment.	The policy and legislation in Tanzania enables this process - it is not the case in the majority of other African countries.

7. Суурь мэдээлэл болон холбоосууд

7.1 Мэдээллийн эх үүсвэр/аргууд

тайлан болон бусад эх сурвалжийн бүрдэл

The compiler has been involved in the project/process since its inception and had access to all reports and existing documentation.

Бүгдийг дэлгэх