1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Southern African Science Service Centre for climate change and Adaptive Land management (SASSCAL)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: Guidelines to Rangeland Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (Rangeland Management)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Namibia University of Science and Technology ( NUST) - 纳米比亚

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Making arrangements between a commercial farmer and agriculture students to raise the productivity of rangeland - through managing runoff to grow multipurpose trees and bushes.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

The approach was to form linkages between the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) and a large-scale commercial farmer to improve the efficiency of rainwater on rangeland. This was technically achieved by reducing runoff while increasing infiltration and transpiration. The objective is to share knowledge and experiences gained by the farmer to grow valuable woody plants, grass and herbs, which students could then apply elsewhere. Since the approach is applied in parts of the rangeland that experience high runoff, one of the first stages of implementation is to address the root causes of erosion - if not already in place. This could be through sound grazing management that provides sufficient rest for grasses to replenish food reserves after grazing. In turn this maintains grasses in a nutritious, leafy stage of growth. If infrastructure such as a farm road or dam has concentrated runoff water, then this too needs to be addressed, by spreading the runoff over gentle and wide portions of the landscape. Thereafter, an appropriate site is identified based largely on the local knowledge of the farmer. A variety of circumstances are taken into account to select the appropriate site, such as one that (a) receives considerable runoff rainwater, (b) has sufficiently deep soil for earthmoving and (c) proximity to where the farmer lives to enable more intensive management than that required by normal rangeland. Contour lines and gentle gradients are then laid out, whether by dumpy or laser level as was done by NUST students, or generated by analysis of aerial photographs taken by drone. Earthmoving equipment is then used for digging ditches and raising bunds or ponding banks to harvest rainwater. For smaller areas or where labour is plentiful, the contour ditches can be dug by hand – as was done by students on the campus of Katutura Youth Enterprise Centre (KAYEC) in Windhoek. After enough rain had fallen to sufficiently moisten the soil below contour ditches, tree seedlings were planted. This was done by farm workers and students at both the Middelplaats farm and KAYEC. Trees included large canopy species, shorter thornless types for “chop and drop” mulching and those that produce fruits or edible leaves. While the banks become crucial fertile patches in this arid landscape, they also act as broad barriers to sheet flow, slowing it down and increasing infiltration rates locally. Thus degraded “leaky landscapes” turn into “sponge landscapes” and restore deeper and more persistent soil moisture. The greatest cost, for earthmoving, was borne by the farmer. NUST paid for its students to visit the farm, sometimes supported by the landscape literacy project of SASSCAL funded by the German BMBF, which also brought in a technical advisor.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.4 该方法的视频

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 最近的本地倡议/创新

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

To make arrangements between a university and a farmer to improve rainwater efficiency in rangeland for growing valuable trees, grass and herbs for multiple use.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	Farmer requested advice from NUST and discussions took place.
计划	互动	A plan was drawn up through collaboration between farmer and advisers.
实施	互动	NUST students marked out contour lines. Farmer organised construction of infrastructure, planting of trees and their irrigation.
监测/评估	互动	Farmer keeps records of activities and students track tree survival and growth.

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分

解释:

The farmer of Middelplaats asked for advice from NUST, discussions were held, a plan was jointly drafted, followed by implementation by both farmer and students and advisers of NUST. Informal reviews are held annually where key issues are discussed and the project is “tweaked”.

明确做出决策的依据:

• 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
• 研究结果
• 个人经验和意见（无记录）

• External experts' visits and suggestions

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

• Students

培训形式:

• 在职
• 课程

涵盖的主题:

Theory of rangeland science, water cycling and landscape literacy. Practical observational skills and use of dumpy and laser levels.

注释:

The farmer was trained in planning banks with a laser level, as were two staff in marking contour lines. The machine operator was trained in earthworks.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

The farmer could potentially offer an advisory service to other farmers based on experiences gained.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 否

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

否

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 经济/市场营销
• 生态学

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

Small research projects are carried out by students of the Namibia University of Science and Technology to fulfil requirements for their course work.

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 2,000-10,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Mostly paid for by farmer, for operation of earthmoving equipment, which will not need to be repeated annually. A small amount for fieldwork by students and advisors paid from SASSCAL research funds.

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

否

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 其它

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 以现金支付

注释:

Fully paid by farmer at Middelplaats, but provided at KAYEC by students as part of their training.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Advice was provided on implementation, and contour lines were marked out by students.

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

The farmer will continue to finance the maintenance work, the costs of which are expected to be covered by the increase in production.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Advice from the university is appreciated.
Marking out of contour lines by students is appreciated.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Students gain useful experience on the farm.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Students are not always available at the optimal times of the year.	By training farm workers to mark out contour lines.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Students might make mistakes, as they are still learning.	Prepare students well and check their work.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Back from the brink, Andrews, 2006, 0-7333-1962-9

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.amazon.com/Back-Brink-Australias-Landscape-Saved/dp/0733319629 $37

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Beyond the brink, Andrews, 2008, 978-0733324109

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.amazon.com/Beyond-Brink-Sustainable-Australian-Landscape/dp/073332410X $59

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Rainwater harvesting for drylands and beyond: Vol 1 – Guiding principles to welcome rainfall into your life and landscape, Lancaster, 2009, 978-0-9772464-0-3

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.amazon.com/Rainwater-Harvesting-Drylands-Beyond-2nd/dp/0977246434 $20

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Principles of natual sequence farming

URL:

http://www.nsfarming.com/principles.html

标题/说明:

Rangeland Rehydration

URL:

www.emulandrecovery.org.au