1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO Food and Agriculture Organization) - 意大利

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bukoba district council (Bukoba district council) - 坦桑尼亚联合共和国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Traditional agroforestry system comprising mixture of banana, coffee, fruit trees, biannual crops, annual crops and timber trees which together optimize the use of soil, moisture and space.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Buhaya agro forest system is a mix of annual and perennial crops together with trees and shrubs are densely planted on a restricted area usually 0.5 -2ha per household to increase crop yield, wood production and conserve soil and water. Buhaya agro forest system is applied on individual owned land specific at home steady. In this technology a plot of 1ha comprises of :
1.Perennial crops (coffee, banana, ) on average (10,000/36 coffee plants can be planted in one hector randomly in the alternating manner with banana, 10,000/25 banana stools) can be planted in 1ha randomly in the alternating manner with coffee.
2.Annual and biannual crops (eg. Maize, beans, cassava, sweet potatoes, yams etc) are planted in the between spaces. Maize and beans are planted twice in the short (Masika) and long rains (Vuli) where tubers are planted at any time throughout the year.
3.Trees and shrubs (eg. Makkhamia spps, Maesopsis and migorora). Trees are planted along the boundaries spaced at an average of 15m to act as wind break and timber production. Shrubs are planted at closed distance in between trees to act as live fence.
Buhaya agro forest system was practiced since early 1900. Application of farmyard manures and crop residue mulch are the supportive measures. The land owners keep small livestock/ few cattle under zero grazing to obtain manure for soil fertility improvem

Purpose of the Technology: The purposes for applying the technology is to control soil erosion and nutrient improvement.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The establishment of Buhaya agro forest system is done on a virgin land starting in the dry season July to September and it normally takes 2-5years by doing the following activities.
1.To prepare the land by cutting, removing/burning shrubs and grasses followed by land tillage. This is the difficult job and sometimes it can force the farmer to plant annual crops before planting perennial crops due to inadequate preparation time.
2.To dig holes of different size according to what crop is meant for in the alternating manner. This activity is done after harvesting annual crops in shot rainfalls (March to June).
3.To plant banana in July and August followed by coffee in September to November and March to May next year.
4.To plant trees along the boundaries followed by planting shrubs between the trees spacing to create a live fence.
5.To plant cassava, yams, pawpaw, avocados and mangoes. These are planted randomly and in a few quantity.
The maintenance of Buhaya agro forest system is the simple but tidies job requires all the year to be working in the garden. The required activities are
1.To weed the field as preparation for planting seasonal crops( i.e maize and beans) twice per year in dry seasons.
2.To remove unwanted banana suckers (desuckering) and harvested banana stems in order to maintain a required number of plants( mother, daughter and grand daughter) per stool. This requires a lot of time for assessing the plant health as well as spacing.
3.To plant and harvest maize and beans twice per year.
4.To prune coffee trees, harvest coffee cherry, dry, and market them once per year.
5.To replace harvested cassava and yams as required.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

It is said that in 1939 after second world war there was a hunger in Bukoba which forced people to plant banana instead of the traditional cropping of sorghum and millet. During the British colonial people were forced to cultivate coffee; as well health services introduced by Christian missionaries increased the population growth which revealed pressure on land and forced to opt agro forest.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The major land use problem was soil erosion and excessive nutrient mining

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Limited suitable land for cropping in the area

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Mixed: Mf: Agroforestry

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Secondary measures: agronomic measures

Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (cultivation along the slopes versus across the slopes.), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (Routeenly harvests without fertilization implies permanent removal of nutriets.), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (average rainfall 1,200mm on slopes), other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Sandstone parent material), education, access to knowledge and support services (Inadequate extension services)

Secondary causes of degradation: poverty / wealth (Limited household income to invest in sustainable land management), labour availability (Labour force dominated by the elderly)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Land preparation	July to August
2.	Digging holes	Jan & Jul
3.	Planting banana and coffee	Jul to Sep
4.	Planting trees and shrubs	Feb & Sep
5.	Planting biannual crops	March, Apr, Oct, Nov &Dec

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Land preparation	persons/day/ha	333.3	1.25	416.63	100.0
劳动力	Digging holes	persons/day/ha	81.63	1.25	102.04	100.0
劳动力	Planting banana and coffee	persons/day/ha	33.33	1.25	41.66	100.0
劳动力	Planting trees, shrubs and biannual crops	persons/day/ha	158.6	1.25	198.25	100.0
设备	Axes	pieces/ha	5.55	3.128	17.36	100.0
设备	Machete	pieces/ha	5.55	1.877	10.42	100.0
设备	Hand hoes	pieces/ha	5.55	3.128	17.36	100.0
设备	Spades	pieces/ha	2.7	3.148	8.5	100.0
植物材料	Banana suckers	pieces/ha	571.0	0.1875	107.06	100.0
植物材料	Coffee seedlings	pieces/ha	357.0	0.3125	111.56	100.0
植物材料	Mysopsis	pieces/ha	33.0	0.125	4.13	100.0
植物材料	Migorora	pieces/ha	80.0	0.125	10.0	100.0
植物材料	Avocado	pieces/ha	11.0	3.167	34.84	100.0
植物材料	Mangoes	pieces/ha	5.0	3.125	15.63	100.0
植物材料	Cassava	pieces/ha	47.0	0.0317	1.49	100.0
植物材料	Yams	pieces/ha	26.0	0.031	0.81
技术建立所需总成本					1097.74
技术建立总成本，美元					1097.74

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	Feb & Sep
2.	Desuckering	Jul to Sept
3.	Planting annual crops	March to Jul & Sep to Dec
4.	Punning, harvesting and drying coffee	May to October
5.	Cassava and yams harvesting.	Jan to Dec

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding	persons/day/ha	200.0	1.25	250.0	100.0
劳动力	Desuckering	persons/day/ha	57.0	1.25	71.25	100.0
劳动力	Planting annual crops	persons/day/ha	50.0	1.25	62.5	100.0
劳动力	Prunning, harvesting and drying coffee	persons/day/ha	285.5	1.25	356.88	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	pieces/ha	10.0	2.5	25.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	pieces/ha	26.0	0.031	0.81	100.0
植物材料	Cassava	pieces/ha	48.0	0.0317	1.52	100.0
植物材料	Beans	pieces/ha	20.0	1.25	25.0	100.0
其它	Labour: Cassava and yams harvesting	persons/day/ha	2.3	1.25	2.88	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					795.84
技术维护总成本，美元					795.84

注释:

The above cost was calculated as 1manday equivalent to 8 working hours with the following performances; ploughing 30m2, weeding 400m2, land clearing 10m2, de suckering 30 stools, Harvesting and pruning 3 coffee trees.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The most determinate factor affecting the cost is labour. This is because the technology is labour intensive, while labour force is inadequate.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凸形情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: 12.8%

Altitudinal zone: 1194m.a.s.l. taken by GPS

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium - low

Soil drainage / infiltration is good - medium

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water: Permanent water stream in plenty

Water quality (untreated): Tap water not found in the whole village

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Butterflies, earthworm and ants readily available

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Men usually plays part in field establishment while women engaged in maintenance. Children participates in maintenance as well.

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

5% of the land users are rich and own 30% of the land.
75% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: The one who did not apply the technology depends on more than 85% of his income from off farm activities.

Market orientation of production system: Coffee is 100% for commecial the rest are for home consumption.

Level of mechanization: Land cultivation only at establishement, then weeding is done by bare hands and planting bu small hand hoes (vihosho)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

注释:

Water sources are mainly permanent streams found in different land ownership, but water uses are free.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

注释:

use of new adapted varieties.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

387 households covering 75 percent of the stated area

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

387 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Almost 75% of the area is under agroforestry practices.

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The technique has been in place for centuries

The average farm size is 1 acre per households and all 607 households implemented this technology. Other technologies are practiced in different area within the village. Therefore the SLM technology area is approximately 15% of the total catchment area.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Diversification of production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Improved farmers knowledge and skills in agroforestry systems management
Reliable income from multiple crops. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Knowledge in farming as a business
Technology is traditional and widely accepted How can they be sustained / enhanced? Strengthen linkages to sources of improved technologies
Reduced workload How can they be sustained / enhanced? Ditto
Complimentarity of produced diverse crops How can they be sustained / enhanced? Ditto

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology is not complicated in terms of input requirements and application How can they be sustained / enhanced? Improved farmer linkage to sources of improved materials e.g. research
Inputs are locally and readily available How can they be sustained / enhanced? Facilitation of farmer own produced improved inputs
Maintenance costs decreases with increasing production period How can they be sustained / enhanced? Ditto
Markets are readily available How can they be sustained / enhanced? Feeder road maintenance should be given higher priority

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High competition of nutrients among different species	Improved farmers knowledge and skills in agroforestry systems management

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Some tree species host pests	Improve farmers knowledge on tree pests prevention and cleaning
Limits farm mechanization	Improved farmers knowledge and skills on improved maintenance without mechanization

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kagera TAMP project website

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/partners-contacts/tanzania/en/