1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Develo (Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Develo) - 南非

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The combating of Invaders to preserve water resources & the rehabilitation of the bare ground by means of brush packing to prevent soil erosion.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is applied in areas under the 'Working for Water' projects that are run by the National Department of Water Affairs in South Africa, in the fight to combat invaders exhausting our valuable water resources. Catchment areas are fields that are infected by invader species on riverbanks, and catchment areas that extract enormous amounts of water out of the system. The trees (Black wattle - Acacia meansii) are cut or ring barked. After the trees are felled, large areas of bare ground are exposed. In order to prevent soil erosion until the natural succession processes are completed and the area is in equilibrium with the rest of the environment, soil needs to be stabilised and sometimes also rehabilitated.
These exposed areas must first be treated with a follow-up to prevent the coppice, re-growth and seedlings from growing again. Sometimes in agricultural grazing areas, the bare areas are re-seeded with natural climax grasses, and in urban areas left to be stabilised by successional species, or pioneers and aveads etc. The small branches of the felled trees are packed on bare areas, after the re-seeding to stop the topsoil from eroding. This reduces the off-flow and flow speed of the rainwater, lowering the raindrop impact, increasing the moist regime and preventing wind erosion. The thick stumps are either used for firewood or for the charcoal industry, as well as packed in windrows horizontal with stream flow.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was experimented by the University of Potchefstroom and also applied at other typical Working for Water projects in the country and technical advise by experts of Water Affairs.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Main animal species and products: Not many cattle, people still poor - average

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Tremendous bush encroachment by wattle species or other similar invaders like blue gum trees, the area has no further land use after the bush encroachment.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The problem is similar, no land use in encroached areas, the trees are to close and no grasses grow underneath for cattle to feed on, and the bush provided shelter for criminal activities.

Constraints of settlement / urban: Preventing of fires in the dry trees

Constraints of recreation: Preventing of fires in dry trees/area

Number of growing seasons per year: 1
Longest growing period in days: 210; Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Mar

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Secondary measures: management measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rand

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

6.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Cutting of trees	Summer
2.	Packing of branches	Before winter (wind) & spring (rain)

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cutting of trees and packing branches	persons/day/ha	500.0	30.0	15000.0	100.0
设备	tools	ha	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	125000.0	125000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					140500.0
技术建立总成本，美元					23416.67

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 0 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Where reseeding took place the grazing must be maintained	3 years after planting / 3 years

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

The total implementation of the technique: Costs of chemicals & tools, labour for the whole project, the cutting of the regrowth and the treatment of it (follow-up) and the packing of the branches.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour: The work team of 25 people is very expensive/costly. Chemicals for the invader eradication treatment is very expensive.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Also rolling

Landforms: Hill slopes at Krugersdorp

Altitudinal zone: 1542 m a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average : Very shallow at hillside at Krugersdorp more predominantly and shallow at more farm soils at the plains of Elandsfontein.

Soil fertility is medium in plains and low in hillsides

Topsoil organic matter: Not very fertile, no grasses to enhanced biomass

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium for the soil of plains of Elandfontein (not so compacted - better drainage) and poor for Krugersdorp (hillside highly compacted)

Soil water storage capacity is medium for Elandsfontein (less compacted) and low for Krugersdorp (more compacted)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

40% of the land users are average wealthy and own 30% of the land (Elandsfontein, upcoming farmer).
60% of the land users are poor and own 70% of the land (Communities that is not fully commercialized).

Off-farm income specification: Family members are working in the city, to provide for the family (the children and brothers etc.)

Market orientation of production system: Subsistence (self-supply) for Elandsfontein: workers that are living on the farm

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Elandsfontein: prevent soil loss How can they be sustained / enhanced? Improve farm soils - control overgrazing
Elandsfontein: Improve grazing capacity How can they be sustained / enhanced? Rotational grazing and rest for first 3 years after rehabilitation

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Prevent soil loss How can they be sustained / enhanced? Packing of branches correctly and maintained - preventing of veld fires (wood from burning)
Reseeding of perennial grasses that enhanced grazing capacity and biodiversity How can they be sustained / enhanced? Correct seed mix & seeding method; preventing from grazing and veld fires
Conserve water resource How can they be sustained / enhanced? Eradication and control of invaders

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labour intensive	No recommendations
Time consuming	No recommendations
Expensive	No recommendations

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Business plan and work reports from government officers / officials & NGO's like universities

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Gauteng Department of Agriculture

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

NGO's and Universities

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Gauteng Department of Agriculture