1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Central Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute - 印度

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Sahid Laxman Naik Development Society - 印度

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

IDCWDP (IDCWDP) - 印度

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Dugout sunken pond with catchment treatment.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

(1) Total size of the project area = 4.75 Ha.
(2) Different structures taken up in the project area are
(i) Brushwood check dam- 6 Nos.
(ii) Drop structure- 8 Nos.
(iii) Dugout sunken pond - 1 No.
(3) All the above structures were positioned to ridge to valley treatment
(Ref.QT-6/2.1.2/a)

Purpose of the Technology: 1) Storage of runoff for cattle and human use.
2) Construction of structures to check soil erosion and sand casting.
3) Pisciculture.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment :-
1) SWC specialist selected sites for dugout sunken pond, layout the design.
2) SWC specialist also selected sites for drop structures, brushwood check
dams in gullied portion of project area with reference to vertical interval
of slope gradient and space between structures.
3) The execution of work were done by concerned villagers on payment basis.
4) During execution, 20% of the total cost of the dugout sunken pond was
contributed by the villagers in shape of labour.
5) Training on technical know how imparted to the villagrs during execution
of pond, bund, drop structure and brush wood check dam.
Maintenance:-
1) The dugout sunken pond requires (a) Desiltation once in two years (b)
Repair of earthern bund around inlet and outlet every year.
2) The drop structure & brushwood check dams requires little maintenance when
ever requires.
3) One management group has formed in the same village & funds has been
raised by doing pisciculture in the pond.
4) The management group is taking major reponsibility for its maintenance.

Natural / human environment: (1) Drainage line stablilized (2) Adjuscant area cultivated (3) Users group
formed and pisciculture taken up for the Ist time in the village.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Area (NWDPRA)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion):
1) A fellow, undulating, gullied piece of land.
2) Acute sand casting at the down stream cropland.
3) About 40% of the project area were practicing local paddy which suffers from erratic rainfall.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): A piece of land which depends upon the mercy of the Rain God for annual production.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 养蜂、养殖业、家禽业、养兔业、养蚕业等

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - Coordination of traditional method of agricultural practices like along the slope, use of long term local varieity of seeds etc.), poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Erosion problem), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge), Common social practices

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rupee

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

45.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Collection grass sods and vertivera slips	beginning of rainy season
2.	Transporting grass sods on established banks	beginning of rainy season
3.	Watering	When dry in Ist. Season
4.	Dugout sunken pond-Surveying	Summer season
5.	Dugout sunken pond- soil excavated from pondage area used in trapizodical bund around leaving inlet & outlet portion.	Summer season
6.	Dugout sunken pond- Collection and transporting stone to inlet & outlet site	Summer season
7.	Dugout sunken pond- construction of inlet & outlet with stone	Summer season
8.	Dugout sunken pond- collection of local grass sods & vertiver slops	Onset of rain
9.	Dugout sunken pond- turfing the bund slopes and planting of vertiver slips in rows at up stream and down steam side of inlet and outlet	On set of rain
10.	Brushwood check dam- surveying	Summer season
11.	Brushwood check dam- collection of wooden poles and brush wood	Summer season
12.	Brushwood check dam- collection of picked up stones	Summer season
13.	Brushwood check dam- fixing of wooden pole, weiving with brush wood, filling up the gaps with picked up stones	Summer season
14.	Brushwood check dam- collection of vertiver slips and planting in upstream and downstream of each structure	On set of rain
15.	Drop structure- surveying	Summer season
16.	Drop structure- collection & transportation of stones to work spot	Summer season
17.	Drop structure- construction of drop structure with stones	Summer season
18.	Drop structure- collection of vertiver slips and planting at up stream and down stream of structure	On set of rain

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	225.0	225.0	14.0
设备	Animal traction	ha	1.0	49.0	49.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	4.0	4.0
其它	Royalty charges for stones	ha	1.0	6.0	6.0
其它	Fishery and feed	ha	1.0	9.0	9.0
其它	Field bunding	ha	1.0	73.0	73.0	100.0
其它	Water way	ha	1.0	6.0	6.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					372.0
技术建立总成本，美元					8.27

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Collecting vertiver slips & grass sods for gap filling	Onset of rain /annual
2.	Collection of grass sods and gap fillling to bund layers	On set of rain/Annualy
3.	Desiltation	Before on set of rain/Biannualy

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	18.0	18.0	100.0
其它	Field bunding	ha	1.0	2.0	2.0	100.0
其它	Water way	ha	1.0	1.0	1.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					21.0
技术维护总成本，美元					0.47

注释:

The above calculation is based on the total establishment/ recurring cost both born by the project and land users is devided by the total project area i.e 4.75 ha. To get average hect. cost.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Availability of stone affects the cost from implementing SWC

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (423 m a.s.l.)
Landforms: Plateau/plains (2-7% slope)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
30% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.
70% of the land users are poor and own 40% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Land users from SWC technology area proctise contour plough, line sowing and using HYV paddy have increased their income significantly.
Level of mechanization: Manual labour and aniaml traction (bullock plough, both ranked 1)
Market orientation of production system: Pisciculture (Selling at village level)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

19 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: If the community find the technology is low cost to teke up and gets eye catching benefits, then the treand of adoption is good.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Water problem for human and cattle solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular maintenance of pond needed
Damage of crops reduced by construction of series of structures How can they be sustained / enhanced? More field bunding, vegetative cover should be imparted.
Users group brings villagers closure How can they be sustained / enhanced? Manageent group to be reorganised annuly

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Water scarcity of the area partly solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular desilting shound be done.
Heavy sand casting and soil loss controled How can they be sustained / enhanced? More vegetative cover required for catchement area
Crop production increased in the project area How can they be sustained / enhanced? Should be replicated by the people.
Pisciculture added extra income to the villagers How can they be sustained / enhanced? Hybrid fingerlings to be adopted

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Sand casting could not be checked fully	By full vegetative cover and more structural measures it can be checked.
Sediment deposit in down stream area decreased	The loss can be over come by increasing crop yield.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Watershed Survey Report

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Director of Soil Conservation, Orissa, Bhubaneswar

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Plan and Estimate

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

-do-