Technologies

Sistema de tratamiento de aguas mieles (STAM) [Nicaragua]

Filtro de aguas mieles

technologies_4579 - Nicaragua

Completeness: 88%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:
SLM specialist:
Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Para el mandato de backstopping para le programa gestion comunitaria de la cuenca de Rio Dipilto en Nicaragua (Gestion comunitaria - Nicaragua)
Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (DEZA / COSUDE / DDC / SDC) - Switzerland
Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales - Nicaragua (MARENA) - Nicaragua

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

El Sistema de Tratamiento de Aguas Mieles (STAM) del procesamiento del café es compuesto por materiales naturales: piedrín, arena de río, piedra volcánica y carbón activado, que se colocan en capas dentro de depósitos plásticos, barriles y tanques.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

El agua miel sale del proceso del beneficio húmedo del café, y muchas veces sale a los ríos sin tratamiento. Los Sistemas de Tratamiento de Aguas Mieles (STAM) se instalan a la salida del canal de lavado del café y están compuestos por: 1 barril de 200 litros, cortado a la mitad, como primer módulo de retención de sólidos con las dos mitades del barril; 2 canastas de plástico para retener los sólidos; 1 barril de 200 litros; 1 tanque plástico que puede ser de 750, 1100 o 2500 litros dependiente de la cantidad de café que se beneficiará; tubos PVC de 4”, Codos PVC de 4” y tapagoteras (p. ej. IMPERFAST). Los módulos están separados hasta 3 metros para evitar que el peso del agua mueva los tubos. Los materiales filtrantes que se utilizan son: Piedra volcánica, piedrín grueso de ½”, piedrín fino de 1/8”, arena de río y carbón activado. El carbón se quiebra hasta tamaño de 1”, se lava y se seca 3 días, y se vuelve a lavar. Cuando ya no desprende el polvillo está listo. Los materiales se colocan en capas dentro de cada uno de los barriles y dentro del tanque. El primer filtro está formado por un par de medios barriles que se colocan lado a lado y retienen los sólidos del primer lavado. En el primer filtro se coloca una primera capa de piedra volcánica con un espesor de 6” equivalente a medio saco de piedras. Se coloca la segunda capa compuesta por una lata de piedrín de ½”, la capa queda con un espesor de 2”. Se coloca como tercera capa una lata de piedrín de 1/8”, la capa queda con un espesor de 2”. El segundo filtro está compuesto por un barril que tiene una entrada de agua que entra en la parte de arriba a 2” del borde del barril y una salida colocada a 4” del borde superior hacia el tanque. La función del segundo filtro es reducir la velocidad del flujo de agua. Se coloca en el fondo del barril una capa de medio saco de piedra volcánica que ocupa una cuarta parte del barril. El tercer filtro o tanque plástico tiene la función de refinar más el filtrado del agua, reducir su acidez, cambiar el color, el olor y el sabor del agua. El tercer filtro contiene una primera capa de 6” de piedra volcánica colocadas en el fondo del barril, equivalente a 2 sacos de piedra. Se coloca una segunda capa de piedrín de ½”, formando una capa de 4”, una tercera capa de 2” de piedrín de 1/8”, una cuarta capa de carbón activado de 6” equivalente a un saco quintalero de carbón, una quinta capa de 4” formada con tres latas de arena de río, otra capa de 2” de piedrín grueso, y finalmente se coloca piedra volcánica de tamaño mediana, en el punto donde cae el chorro de agua, para evitar que se remueva la arena a la superficie. Los materiales filtrantes ocupan la mitad del tanque. Se requiere mantenimiento del primer filtro lavando el piedrín fino en tamices plásticos y ubicarlo nuevamente después de cada lavada de café. También se requiere reemplazar los materiales del tanque plástico cada dos años. Los STAM generan mejores condiciones en las fincas al reducir el vertido de aguas mieles, menos proliferación de insectos y evitan que las aguas mieles contaminen los ríos o quebradas.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Nicaragua

Region/ State/ Province:

La Tablazón, municipio de Dipilto, departamento de Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua

Further specification of location:

Parte media y alta de la cuenca del río Dipilto.

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area
Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

Ja

If yes, specify:

Cuenca del Río Dipilto, Área de Amortiguamiento del Área Protegida Serranías Dipilto y Jalapa

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2017

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • through projects/ external interventions

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
  • conserve ecosystem
  • protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Ja

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):
  • Agroforestry

Cropland

Cropland

  • Tree and shrub cropping
Tree and shrub cropping - Specify crops:
  • coffee, shade grown
Number of growing seasons per year:
  • 1
Specify:

Algunos cultivos como las Musaceas se cosechan todo el año

Is intercropping practiced?

Nee

Is crop rotation practiced?

Nee

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?
  • Yes (Please fill out the questions below with regard to the land use before implementation of the Technology)
Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Ja

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):
  • Agroforestry
Waterways, waterbodies, wetlands

Waterways, waterbodies, wetlands

Main products/ services:

Tratamiento de agua

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
  • mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • agroforestry
  • manejo de subproductos del cultivo de café

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

structural measures

structural measures

  • S8: Sanitation/ waste water structures

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

biological degradation

biological degradation

  • Bc: reduction of vegetation cover
water degradation

water degradation

  • Hq: decline of groundwater quality

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • prevent land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Dos medios barriles plásticos con altura aproximada de 40 cm, 1 barril plástico de 200 litros con 80 cm de altura, 1 tanque plástico con capacidades de 450, 1100 o 2500 litros. Las conexiones entre filtros se hacen con tubos PVC de 4" y se pueden utilizar opcionalmente llaves de pase de 4" en la entrada al sistema. La distancia máxima entre filtros es de 3 m con una pendiente de 1%.

Author:

Carlos Ramón Marín

Date:

21/03/2019

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
  • per Technology unit
Specify unit:

metros cuadrados

Specify dimensions of unit (if relevant):

18

other/ national currency (specify):

Córdoba

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

32.59

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

150

4.3 Establishment activities

Activity Timing (season)
1. Preparación de los materiales (corte y perforación de barriles y tanque, lavado de arena y piedrín, activación de carbón) None
2. Delimitación, limpieza y trazado del área None
3. Ubicación de barriles y tanques None
4. Conexión de tuberías None
5. Disposición o acomodamiento de los materiales por capa None

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour None None 7.0 150.0 1050.0
Construction material None None 2.0 1210.0 2420.0
Construction material None None 6.0 66.0 396.0
Construction material None None 2.0 66.0 132.0
Construction material None None 3.0 242.0 726.0
Construction material None None 1.0 260.0 260.0
Construction material None None 2.0 120.0 240.0
Construction material None None 1.0 14000.0 14000.0
Other None None 2.0 30.0 60.0
Other None None 5.0 30.0 150.0
Other None None 4.0 10.0 40.0
Other None None 2.0 200.0 400.0
Other None None 18.0 275.0 4950.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 24824.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD 761.71
If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

Programa de Gestión comunitaria de la cuenca del río Dipilto.

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

Activity Timing/ frequency
1. Limpieza de materiales del primer filtro que consiste en sacar y lavar el piedrín fino para volver a acomodar Después de cada lavada de café
2. Reemplazo de los materiales del filtro (excepto la piedra volcánica) Cada 2 años

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour Lavado de materiales días/hombre 1.0 150.0 150.0 100.0
Construction material piedrín de 1/8´´ None 2.0 30.0 60.0
Construction material Piedrín de 3/4´´ None 5.0 30.0 150.0
Construction material arena None 4.0 10.0 40.0
Construction material Carbón saco 1.0 300.0 300.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology 700.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD 21.48

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

La disponibilidad de los materiales del filtro en la zona y el transporte hacia las comunidades.

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
  • sub-humid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • medium (1-3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Availability of surface water:

good

Water quality (untreated):

poor drinking water (treatment required)

Water quality refers to:

surface water

Is water salinity a problem?

Nee

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Nee

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

En la zona solo hay disponibilidad de aguas superficiales

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:
  • medium
Habitat diversity:
  • medium
Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

La zona corresponde a un área protegida de la cordillera de Dipilto y Jalapa.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:
  • Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
  • subsistence (self-supply)
Off-farm income:
  • less than 10% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • average
Individuals or groups:
  • individual/ household
Level of mechanization:
  • manual work
Gender:
  • men
Age of land users:
  • middle-aged
Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Los usuarios de la tierra que implementan esta tecnología son todos productores de café.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?
  • small-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • individual, titled
Land use rights:
  • individual
Water use rights:
  • communal (organized)
Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Ja

Specify:

Escrituras públicas

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
education:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
technical assistance:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
markets:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
energy:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
roads and transport:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
drinking water and sanitation:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
financial services:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Water availability and quality

irrigation water availability

decreased
increased

Socio-cultural impacts

health situation

worsened
improved

land use/ water rights

worsened
improved

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

water quality

decreased
increased

surface runoff

increased
decreased

excess water drainage

reduced
improved
Soil

soil moisture

decreased
increased

soil cover

reduced
improved
Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased
increased

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

water availability

decreased
increased

reliable and stable stream flows in dry season

reduced
increased

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Climatological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
drought not well
Hydrological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
landslide not well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • > 50%
If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

Todos los productores que cuentan con infraestructura productiva de beneficio húmedo en la cuenca implementan el sistema de tratamiento de aguas mieles.

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 0-10%
Comments:

Solo aplican la tecnología los beneficiarios del Programa de Gestión Comunitario de la cuenca del Rio Dipilto.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Nee

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Permite mejorar las condiciones de higiene en la finca
Reduce la contaminación de las fuentes de agua por el vertido de aguas mieles.
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Materiales del sistema de fácil manejo para instalación del sistema.
Adaptación a todo tipo de condiciones topográficas.
Aceptación de usuarios de la tierra.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
Requiere mantenimiento permanente por lo que el usuario de la tierra debe adaptarse a su uso Una vez que el productor conoce sobre el uso y mantenimiento del sistema el sistema trabaja correctamente.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
No siempre se realiza el manejo adecuado del sistema. Apropiando al productor y trabajadores de la finca sobre el uso del sistema

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys

1

  • interviews with land users

1

  • interviews with SLM specialists/ experts

3

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

21/03/2019

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Manual sobre el uso y mantenimiento de los STAM, Juan Carlos Plama, 2018

Available from where? Costs?

Programa de Gestión comunitaria de la cuenca del Río Dipilto

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