1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

People in Need (PIN) (People in Need (PIN)) - Afganistán

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Technology for lifting water to uplands: hydraulic flange pump, reservoir and pipe scheme.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

This technology is documented by the Sustainable Land Management Project, implemented by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation and funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), with close support and cooperation of People in Need.
Samangan, Khuram wa Sarbagh district, Klor-e-Bala village is situated in a mountainous region where the greatest limiting factor to agricultural production is water. Arable lands are located far away from water sources. Lack of technology to exploit these lands prohibits villagers to cultivate their land to make a livelihood. Therefore, families are compelled to leave their village during summer.

Purpose of the Technology: To address this problem, People in Need (PIN), with financial support from GIZ and the Czech Embassy (CzDA) introduced irrigation through hydraulic flange pump. The hydraulic flange pump provides water to 30 orchards of Klor-e-Bala village, drinking water to the 43 village households, the mosque and the school of 500 students.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The main water source which starts and runs the hydraulic flange pump is the Khuwaja Hayat spring. The spring water arrives to the hydraulic flange pump from 1.8 meter height on a 12 percent slope in 200 meters distance from the water source. The water flow passes through the intake and moves towards the water wheel which starts/runs the hydraulic flange pump. The water is then pumped through three pipes of one inch to the reservoir. The hydraulic flange pump has the capacity of lifting water up to 250 meters.
The reservoir’s storage capacity is 25,600 liters of water with the dimensions as follows: 4.9 meter length; 2.9 m width; and 1.8 m height. It has two outlets: a spill way fitted with three pipes of one inch at the top of the reservoir and two outlets fitted with two pipes of three inches at the bottom. The lower outlet leads water to the orchards by diverting water after 40 meters into two pipes which are 1,000 meters long. Each orchard is connected to one of these two pipes by a T-connector and the water flows into a tin water tank with the capacity of 1,000 liters for each orchard. The two pipes are extended as far as the school which is located near the orchards and has been equipped with a 2000 liters tin water tank.
The hydraulic flange pump is made locally in Taloqan city, Takhar province of Afghanistan in the Baradaran-e- Kargar workshop. The pump costs 140,000 Afghani/ 2,200 US$, including installment. The estimated cost of the construction of the reservoir and the pump’s room including the hydraulic flange pump is 19,000 US$. The pipe scheme of the project was installed by the Community Development Council (CDC) with technical support from PIN’s engineering team. Community members contributed 10 percent of the costs as labor. As Klor-e-Bala village is situated in flood prone area and flooding is a common occurrence, PIN, with funding from the GIZ, constructed in 2015 two protection walls, 45 m and 55 m in length, on both sides of the river, to minimize erosion and protect the pump’s intake from floods. The protection walls were built through cash for work programme, but community members provided 10 percent contribution through labor and by providing stones for construction. The total estimated cost of the hydraulic flange pump, reservoir and pipe scheme technology amounted to 37,000 US$.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the technology, a caretaker, who lives close to the pump’s room has been appointed. The caretaker was trained by the technician who installed the hydraulic flange pump and has voluntarily taken the responsibility of maintenance activities; changing the oil and cleaning of the hydraulic flange pump's room and changing of the pipes in case of need. The owners of the orchards have to cover for all maintenance costs and the chairman of the Community Development Council (CDC) has the responsibility of managing the money for maintenance and other recurrent activities.
The flange pump technology contributed to the economic growth of the community members by increasing the orchards’ yields. Currently, the hydraulic flange pump irrigates 12 jireb/2.4 ha (30*800m2) orchards of apple, apricot, almond, pear and cherry trees. In addition to the orchards, alfalfa, potato, vegetables and other crops are as well cultivated on these lands. Furthermore, the pump supports the community members to settle year-round in their villages and prevents from their seasonal displacement. Moreover, the flange pump enables the provision of drinking water to the whole community and the school.

Natural / human environment: Samangan is one of the northern provinces of Afghanistan. Wheat, melons, pistachio,
almonds, potatoes, onions and caraway are important crops and Karakul sheep
and goats the main livestock for meat, dairy, and wool production. Rugs are the
main handicraft of this area. Khuram-wa-Sarbagh district in Samangan has two growing
seasons, the longest of which is 150 days from February to June and the second is 90
days from June to September. The average rainfall is below 500mm and the climate semi-arid.
The community members have limited access to off farm employment, market, energy,
financial services, roads and transportation and moderate access to health and education.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• mejorar la producción

• access to water

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :

Sí

Especifique el uso combinado de tierras (cultivos/ pastoreo/ árboles):

• Agroforestería

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Lack of safe drinking and irrigation water which makes agricultural activities difficult.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of cultivation due to the scarcity of water. High workloads and small incomes.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Mixed: Mf: Agroforestry

3.3 ¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?

¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?

• Sí (Por favor responda las preguntas de abajo referidas al uso de la tierra antes de implementar la Tecnología)

3.4 Provisión de agua

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

3.5 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• manejo de bosques naturales y seminaturales:
• agroforestería
• Manejo de irrigación: (incl. provisión de agua, invernaderos)

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bq: quantity / biomass decline

Main causes of degradation: disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff), droughts, education, access to knowledge and support services

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• restaurar/ rehabilitar tierra severamente degradada

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

4.2 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos

Especifique la moneda usada para calcular costos:

• USD

4.3 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Momento (estación)
1.	Excavation of the foundation
2.	Construction activities,Stone masonry foundation and wall:
3.	a:P.C.C concrete foundationb:R.C.C concretec:Iron shattering for walls, roof and floord:External and internal pointing
4.	a:Plasteringb:Steel barsc:Door and window
5.	Pipe scheme:a:Pipesb:Water tanksc:other equipmentd:Skilled and unskilled labor
6.	Procurement of the Hydraulic flange pump

4.4 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Excavation of the foundation	square meters	50,0	2,88	144,0	10,0
Mano de obra	Excavation of the foundation	cubic meters	161,0	2,4037	387,0	10,0
Mano de obra	Skilled and unskilled labor	persons/day	343,0	9,47521	3250,0	10,0
Equipo	Water tanks	pieces	39,0	98,615384	3846,0	10,0
Equipo	Pipes	meter	2900,0	2,9241379	8480,0	10,0
Equipo	Other equipment	all	1,0	2424,0	2424,0	10,0
Equipo	Procurement of the Hydraulic flange pump	pieces	1,0	2200,0	2200,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Concrete foundation	cubic meters	12,23	96,64758	1182,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Concrete	cubic meters	8,4	114,0476	958,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Iron shattering for walls, roof and floor	cubic meters	110,0	4,86363	535,0	10,0
Material de construcción	External and internal pointing	square meters	226,0	2,85398	645,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Plastering	square meters	32,0	5,9375	190,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Steel bars	square meters	364,4	1,21844	444,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Door and window	square meters	3,98	28,8944	115,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Stones	square meters	244,0	50,0	12200,0	10,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología					37000,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología en USD					37000,0

Comentarios:

Duration of establishment phase: 7 month(s)

4.5 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Momento/ frequencia
1.	Changing of the pipes	Once a year
2.	Cleaning of the flange pump room	Six times a year
3.	Changing of the hydraulic flange pump oil

4.6 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Changing of the pipes	persons/day	1,0	7,0	7,0	100,0
Mano de obra	Cleaning of the flange pump room	persons/day	1,0	7,0	7,0	100,0
Mano de obra	Changing of the hydraulic flange pump oil	persons/day	1,0	7,0	7,0	100,0
Equipo	Pipes	meter	20,0	0,65	13,0	100,0
Equipo	Oil	times/year	4,0	4,5	18,0	100,0
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología					52,0
Costos totales para mantener la Tecnología en USD					52,0

4.7 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Labor, stone and equipment are the main fundamental factors which need high initial investments.
After a couple of years pipes may need to be changed.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

Soil fertility is medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is low

5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

5.5 Biodiversidad

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly disadvantaged land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Constructional activities which are done outside of the houses and compounds are mainly applied by men in Afghanistan.

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

100% of the land users are poor.

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra usada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• comunitaria/ aldea

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• comunitarios (organizado)

Derechos de uso de agua:

• comunitarios (organizado)

5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Producción

Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

Ingreso y costos

Impactos socioculturales

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento

Suelo

Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales

Reducción de riesgos de desastres y riesgos climáticos

6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología

6.3 Exposición y sensibilidad de la Tecnología al cambio climático gradual y a extremos relacionados al clima/ desastres (desde la percepción de los usuarios de tierras)

Cambio climático gradual

Cambio climático gradual

	Estación	Incremento o reducción	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
temperatura anual		incrementó	bien
lluvia anual		incrementó	bien

Extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima

Desastres climatológicos:

	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
tormenta de lluvia local	no se sabe
tormenta de viento	no muy bien

Desastres climatológicos

	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
sequía	bien

Desastres hidrológicos

	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
inundación repentina	no muy bien

Otros extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima

otros (especifique)	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
length of growing period	bien

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

• 11-50%

Si tiene la información disponible, cuantifique (número de hogares y/o área cubierta):

98 households covering 50 percent of the stated area

De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, por ej. sin recibir nada de incentivos/ materiales:

• 0-10%

Comentarios:

98 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Due to high expenses of the implementation of the technology, it has not been applied without any external support.

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The technology is of a high cost and needs external support to be established.

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Application of the technology has reduced the workload for the families. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Greater awareness on water management can be created by training/workshop for the water users.

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
The technology has supported the community members economically by increasing agricultural yields. Moreover, it contributes to reduce the costs of water during the summer season. How can they be sustained / enhanced? The land users should try to plant local and native trees and cultivate the crops which are adapted to the land.Community members should actively participate in maintenance activities.
Provides safe drinking water to the 43 households and the school at low cost. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Pipe scheme and cover of the reservoir, should be cleaned regularly. If any leakages occurs in the pipes or reservoir, they should be sealed. Water taps and water tanks should be properly maintained.
This technology has been applied in a low slope/latitude where the water flows with a very low speed and the application of other technologies was difficult. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Protect from sedimentation.
The hydraulic flange pump is produced locally. Procurement and installment of the pump contributes therefore to local economic growth and private sector development. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Link the company to the other potential buyers.

6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Social conflicts can occur during the distribution of water	The water in keeper/maintainer can be introduced by CDCs for the distribution of water.
Electricity cannot be produced by applying this technology. The slope and latitude of the location where the flange pump is installed is too small.

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
It is difficult to apply the technology without any external and financial support.	Locally available materials should be used to reduce costs.
High level of technical knowledge is required for the establishment of the technology.	The technical knowledge should be transferred to the extension workers or local people to provide technical support in the future.
This technology needs regular maintenance and the reservoir has to be properly cleaned after heavy rainfalls.	The CDC should monitor maintenance activities by the caretaker as well as manage funds for maintenance costs.

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información