1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃបច្ចេកទេស

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ វ៉ូខេត

តើពេលណាដែលទិន្នន័យបានចងក្រង (នៅទីវាល)?

30/05/2011

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

2.1 ការពណ៌នាដោយសង្ខេបពីបច្ចេកទេស

និយមន័យបច្ចេកទេស:

It is a structural measure with an embankment of soil or stones or soil and stones, constructed along the contour and stablized with vegetative measures (grass and fodder trees).

2.2 ការពណ៌នាលម្អិតពីបច្ចេកទេស

ការពណ៌នា:

Applied on different land uses on slope of more than 3%. This practice is widely used by farmers in the area. Stone and stone faced bunds height depends on the availability of stones. On the average the width is 1-1.2m and hieght is 0.6-0.7m.

Purpose of the Technology: Bunds reduce the velocity of runoff and soil erosion, retains water behind the bund and let it infiltrate. It further helps in ground water recharging.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Planning is made by community/group and individual discussion and reach a consensus on layout, spacing, implementation modalities and management requirments is reached before implementation.

Natural / human environment: The technology is applicable in areas where soil is moderately deep and stones are available

2.3 ​រូបភាពនៃបច្ចេកទេស

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានអនុវត្ត និងបានគ្រប់ដណ្តប់ដោយការវាយតម្លៃនេះ

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការអនុវត្ត

ប្រសិនបើមិនច្បាស់ឆ្នាំ សូមបញ្ជាក់កាលបរិច្ឆេទដែលប្រហាក់ប្រហែល:

• ច្រើនជាង 50 ឆ្នាំមុន (ប្រពៃណី)

2.7 ការណែនាំពីបច្ចេកទេស

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានណែនាំឱ្យអនុវត្តដោយរបៀបណា:

• តាមរយៈគម្រោង / អន្តរាគមន៍ពីខាងក្រៅ

មតិយោបល់ (ប្រភេទនៃគម្រោង ។ល។):

Other countries and also other woredas in the country.

3.2 ប្រភេទដីប្រើប្រាស់មួយប្រភេទ (ច្រើនប្រភេទ) ដែលបានអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស

មតិយោបល់:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Absence of land use policy, low level of awarness, shortage of farm lands.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Continous cultivation, poor soil fertility, poverty, shortage of cultivated lands.

Plantation forestry: Yes

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Many peasant kebeles have earned money by selling eucalyptus grown on plantation areas of the community. Some have built schools from the proceeds. Some kebeles have shared sizable money from the sales of trees.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Cereals - legumes - cereals

3.3 ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមអំពីអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

ការផ្គត់ផ្គង់ទឹកនៅកន្លែងអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស:

• ទឹកភ្លៀង

ចំនួនសារដែលដាំដំណាំក្នុងមួយឆ្នាំ:

• 2

សូមបញ្ជាក់:

Longest growing period in days: 180 Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Nov Second longest growing period in days: 150

3.4 ក្រុម SLM ដែលបច្ចេកទេសស្ថិតនៅក្នុង

• វិធានការអនុវត្តកាត់ទទឹងទីជម្រាល

3.5 ការសាយភាយនៃបច្ចេកទេស

មតិយោបល់:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 173 m2.

Nowadays communities have developed positive attitudes towards SWC technologies implemented and the results obtained by practicing measures, which have reduced runoff and soil erosion reduced and land increased productivity.

3.6 វិធានការ SLM ដែលបញ្ចូលនូវបច្ចេកទេស

3.7 កំណត់ប្រភេទនៃការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដីសំខាន់ៗដែលបច្ចេកទេសនេះបានដោះស្រាយ

មតិយោបល់:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 ការពារ កាត់បន្ថយ ឬស្តារឡើងវិញនៃការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី

បញ្ជាក់ពីគោលដៅរបស់បច្ចេកទេស ដែលផ្តោតទៅការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី:

• ការការពារការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី
• ការកាត់បន្ថយការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី

មតិយោបល់:

Secondary goals: Rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 គំនូសបច្ចេកទេសនៃបច្ចេកទេសនេះ

4.2 លក្ខណៈពិសេសនៃបច្ចេកទេស/ ពណ៌នាពីគំនូរបច្ចេកទេស

SNNPR

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, increase of infiltration

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Early planting
Material/ species: maize, potato
Remarks: row and broad casting

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: sorghum + haricot beans
Remarks: row planting

Agronomic measure: mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize + haricot beans
Remarks: row planting

Agronomic measure: mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: coffee + cabbage
Remarks: row planting

Legume inter-planting
Remarks: row and broad casting

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: animal dung
Remarks: broad casting

Breaking compacted topsoil
Remarks: once, along the contour

Contour tillage
Remarks: 3-6 times, along the contour

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1m
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.3
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 10-15

Vegetative measure: scattered/dispersed
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 40-60

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: Cordia, Croton, Ficus

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Casmir, Avocado, Mango

Perennial crops species: Chat, Coffee, Sugar cane, Papaya

Grass species: Desho, Phalaris

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 10.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Terrace: bench level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6-0.7
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1-1.2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 60-80

Construction material (earth): Soils excavated from the ditches is used to make the embankment.

Construction material (stone): Stones collected to construct stone/stone faced bunds.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 10%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: cut and carry system practiced

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level - Follow up and evaluating the performance

4.3 ព័ត៌មានទូទៅដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធនឹងការគណនាធាតុចូល និងថ្លៃដើម

ផ្សេងៗ/ រូបិយប័ណ្ណជាតិ (បញ្ជាក់):

Birr

កំណត់អត្រាប្តូរប្រាក់ពីដុល្លាទៅរូបិយប័ណ្ណតំបន់ (បើទាក់ទង)៖ 1 ដុល្លារ =:

8,6

4.4 សកម្មភាពបង្កើត

	សកម្មភាព	ប្រភេទវិធានការ	ពេលវេលា
1.	Production of planting materials	សារពើរុក្ខជាតិ	beginning of rains
2.	Planting on the bund	សារពើរុក្ខជាតិ	during rains
3.	Survey	រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ	dry season
4.	Excavating the ditches and constructing the enbankment	រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ	dry season
5.	desho grass transportation	រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ	during rains
6.	Planting Desho grass on the bund	រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ	during rains
7.	Group formation	ការគ្រប់គ្រង	dry season
8.	Follow up and evaluating the activities	ការគ្រប់គ្រង	throughout the year

4.5 ថ្លៃដើម និងធាតុចូលដែលត្រូវការសម្រាប់ការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេស

	បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល	ឯកតា	បរិមាណ	ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា	ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប	% នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	Labour	ha	1,0	156,0	156,0	5,0
សម្ភារៈ	Machine use	ha	1,0	27,8	27,8
សម្ភារៈ	Tools	ha	1,0	32,1	32,1	70,0
សម្ភារៈដាំដុះ	Seeds	ha	1,0	27,0	27,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈដាំដុះ	Seedlings	ha	1,0	29,0	29,0	100,0
ផ្សេងៗ	Grass	ha	1,0	306,0	306,0	100,0
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបក្នុងការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេស					577,9

មតិយោបល់:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 សកម្មភាពថែទាំ

	សកម្មភាព	ប្រភេទវិធានការ	ពេលវេលា/ ភាពញឹកញាប់
1.	Contour tillage	ក្សេត្រសាស្ត្រ	dry season / annual
2.	Contour tillage	ក្សេត្រសាស្ត្រ	dry season / two to three times
3.	Sawing	ក្សេត្រសាស្ត្រ	during rains / annual
4.	Weeding	ក្សេត្រសាស្ត្រ	during rains / one or twice a year
5.	Harvesting	ក្សេត្រសាស្ត្រ	dry season / annual
6.	Replanting	សារពើរុក្ខជាតិ	during rains /once
7.	Reconstruction	រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ	dry season/annual
8.	Replanting	រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ	rainy season/annual

4.7 កំណត់ថ្លៃដើមសម្រាប់ការថែទាំ/ សកម្មភាពរបស់បច្ចេកទេស (ក្នុងរយៈពេលមួយឆ្នាំ)

	បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល	ឯកតា	បរិមាណ	ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា	ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប	% នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	Labour	ha	1,0	18,84	18,84	100,0
សម្ភារៈ	Machine use	ha	1,0	81,39	81,39	100,0
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបសម្រាប់ការថែទាំដំណាំតាមបច្ចេកទេស					100,23

មតិយោបល់:

Machinery/ tools: Shovel, hoe, water level, string

The cost is culculated per length of structure and other agricultural activities undertaken and the cost is in a hectare of land.

4.8 កត្តាសំខាន់បំផុតដែលមានឥទ្ធិពលដល់ការចំណាយ

ពណ៌នាពីកត្តាប៉ះពាល់ចម្បងៗទៅលើថ្លៃដើម:

Type of hand tools, Slope of the land and soil depth.

5.1 អាកាសធាតុ

5.2 សណ្ឋានដី

មតិយោបល់ និងបញ្ចាក់បន្ថែមអំពីសណ្ឋានដី :

Altitudinal zone: 2001-2500 m a.s.l. (Ranked 1, below 2400m asl, very suitable to wheat, barley and horse beans.) and 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2, over 1900m asl, very suitable to cereal crops including maize)
Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1, dominant land forms with flatter village areas at the top) also, ridges (ranked 2) and plateau/plains (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Rolling (Ranked 1, the technology is mostly implemented here), moderate (ranked 2, dominantly cultivated) and hilly (ranked 3, area enclosures) as well as gentle and steep (both ranked 3)

5.3 ដី

បើអាចសូមភ្ជាប់ការពណ៌នាពីដីឱ្យបានច្បាស់ ឬព័ត៌មានដែលអាចទទួលបាន ឧ. ប្រភេទដី, pH ដី/ ជាតិអាស៊ីត, សមត្ថភាពផ្លាស់ប្តូរកាចុង, វត្តមាននីត្រូសែន, ភាពប្រៃ ។ល។:

Soil depth on average: Also moderately deep (ranked 2, dominant soil depth in the SWC area) and shallow (ranked 3, degraded hillsides)
Soil texture: Fine/heavy (ranked 1, clay loam nitisols and vertisols) and medium (ranked 2, soils with high productivity)
Soil fertility: medium (ranked 1, most of the cereal cropped areas) and high (ranked 2, soils in the homestead)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (ranked 1, for all cereal cropped lands) and medium (ranked 2, land with perennial crops and homestead areas)
Soil drainage/infiltration: good (ranked 1, croplands on hillslopes ) and medium (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: High (vertisols and soils on flat slopes)

5.6 លក្ខណៈនៃអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីដែលអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស

សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីលក្ខណៈពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងទៀតអំពីអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
6% of the land users are rich and own 19% of the land.
35% of the land users are average wealthy and own 45% of the land.
45% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.
12% of the land users are poor and own 7% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Land users who have SWC measures on their land have better income compared to others who do not have and they have better scope to get engaged in small trade.
Market orientation of production system: subsistence (cultivation and weeding of perennial crops done by hoe and weeding manual) and mixed (tillage is done by oxen)

5.7 ទំហំផ្ទៃដីជាមធ្យមនៃដីផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន ឬជួលគេដែលបានអនុវត្ត​បច្ចេកទេស

5.8 ភាពជាម្ចាស់ដី កម្មសិទ្ធប្រើប្រាស់ដី និងកម្មសិទ្ធប្រើប្រាស់ទឹក

ភាពជាម្ចាស់ដី:

• រដ្ឋ

កម្មសិទ្ធិប្រើប្រាស់ដី:

• ឯកជន

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់ក្នុងបរិវេណអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេសដែលកើតមាន

ផលប៉ះពាល់លើសេដ្ឋកិច្ចសង្គម

ផលិតផល

ចំណូល និងថ្លៃដើម

ផលប៉ះពាល់ទៅលើវប្បធម៌សង្គម

ផលប៉ះពាល់ទៅលើអេកូឡូស៊ី

វដ្តទឹក/លំហូរ

ដី

6.4 ការវិភាគថ្លៃដើម និងអត្ថប្រយោជន៍

តើផលចំណេញ និងថ្លៃដើមត្រូវបានប្រៀបធៀបគ្នាយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច (ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី)?

តើផលចំណេញ និងការថែទាំ/ ជួសជុលត្រូវបានប្រៀបធៀបគ្នាយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច (ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី)?

6.5 ការទទួលយកបច្ចេកទេស

ក្នុងចំណោមគ្រួសារទាំងអស់ដែលអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស តើមានប៉ុន្មាន​គ្រួសារ​ដែល​ចង់​ធ្វើ​ដោយ​ខ្លួន​ឯង ដោយមិន​ទទួល​បាន​សម្ភារៈ​លើក​​ទឹកចិត្ត/​ប្រាក់ឧបត្ថម្ភ?​:

• 0-10%

មតិយោបល់:

10% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

25600 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Farmers have acquired some technical skills that enables them implement SWC measures by themselves on their own land with little external support.

6.7 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាសនៃបច្ចេកទេស

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាសនៅកន្លែងរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
increased crop production How can they be sustained / enhanced? use high yielding varities and better farming systems.
soil erosion reduced

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
soils protected from erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? more awarness creation and strengthening maintenance
sources of income diversified How can they be sustained / enhanced? introduce more productive multipurposive activities