Арга барилууд

Meeting the differing needs of farmers in a given lowland area: local-level agreements and conventions [Мали ]

  • Шинийг нээх:
  • Шинэчлэх:
  • Мэдээлэл цуглуулсан:
  • Редактор:
  • Хянагч:

Processus de satisfaction des intérêts multiples des exploitants d’un bas-fond: accords et conventions au niveau local (French)

approaches_2506 - Мали

Бүрэн гүйцэд байдал: 78%

1. Ерөнхий мэдээлэл

1.2 Арга барилыг баримтжуулах болон үнэлгээ хийхэд оролцсон хүн эсвэл байгууллагын холбоо барих хаяг

Мэдээлэл өгсөн хүн(с)

ГТМ мэргэжилтэн :
ГТМ мэргэжилтэн :

Diarra Mamadou Moustapha

mmdiarra@hotmail.com

HELVETAS - Swiss Intercooperation

Мали

ГТМ мэргэжилтэн :

Dembélé Célestin

celestin.dembele@helvetas.org

HELVETAS - Swiss Intercooperation

Мали

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) - Герман
Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)
HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

1.3 WOCAT-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?

01/07/2012

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн.

Тийм

2. ГТМ Арга барилын тодорхойлолт

2.1 Арга барилын товч тодорхойлолт

This practice makes it possible to bring actors with differing interests around the same table to discuss the ways in which the scheme’s facilities and lands will be accessed and exploited.

2.2 Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт :

This practice aims to establish a consensual agreement on the access to and management of schemes and developed lands among the farmers of a given site. Through the facilitation process, it is possible to transfer management responsibility and ensure the peaceful farming of schemes. The social engineering approach focuses on developing the diversifying potential of agro-sylvo-pastoral systems by involving all actors concerned, guarantees the sustainability of investments and prevents farming-related conflicts from arising on scheme sites. The establishment and support of multi-stakeholder platforms fosters a collective dynamic in hydro-agricultural schemes.The multi-stakeholder platform (MSP) brings stakeholders together and involves them in analysing the location assessment and determining any changes required to respond to environmental constraints and needs.
The approach centres on creating MSPs and then strengthening their organisational and institutional capacities to ensure that collaborative and best-fit infrastructure management is delivered by the different user groups, whose interests in the scheme’s easement area may diverge. The management standards and regulations and the roles and responsibilities of all social and user groups are determined by the actors collectively. The first stage involves initiating an internal and critical reflection and discussion process with the different scheme user groups. In the second stage, a consensual agreement is reached on accessing and managing the scheme and lands developed under it. Associations or cooperative structures are set up for each economic sector involved in the scheme’s easement area.
Workshops are prepared for drawing up agreements on the management and exploitation of resources in the scheme’s easement area. It is important to ensure information is provided in a timely manner and that it reaches the widest possible audience. Workshops for drawing up agreements on the management and exploitation of the scheme’s easement area are held, involving:a workshop of at least two days; a general meeting to open the event held in plenary (delivered in the local language); an initial round of sub-group workshops; a second round of group work mixing two or three Groups to tease out potentially conflicting interests; the provision of clear instructions in plenary prior to the group work sessions and of spatial support materials (maps and current and future occupancy charts); clarification of the rights of former occupants and the plot allocation quota for women; summarising proceedings during the general meeting. Organisational structures are formalised. The management/ development plan for the scheme is drawn up. The agreements and rules settled upon are formalised (in writing) and then deliberated by the commune council. A mid-term evaluation of the implementation of local agreements on scheme management and exploitation is carried out along with an assessment of the implementation of the management/development plan for the scheme easement area.
Farmers and village authorities participate in workshops and express their interests and they set out the traditional rules and social mechanisms that should be considered. The commune organises the workshop and participates in the diagnostic exercise by taking part in the discussions. It also deliberates the final agreements established by the actors. Service providers and technical services facilitate the process of drawing up an agreement on the access to and management of the scheme easement area and on the scheme development plan. They organise users into formal associations and support the formalisation of collaboration between the association, users and commune in terms of management delegation. The programme establishes the approach and trains service providers. It contributes to developing the visual aids required for communicating information and for spatial visualisation, and co-funds development action plans by sector.

2.5 Арга барил нэвтрүүлсэн улс орон / бүс нутаг / байршил

Улс :

Мали

Улс/аймаг/сум:

Mali

Байршлын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:

Yorosso, Sikasso, Kadiolo, Yanfolila, Bougouni, Kolondiéba

2.6 Арга барилыг эхлэх, дуусах огноо

Эхлэх жилийг тэмдэглэ:

2010

Хугацаа дуусах жил (Хэрэв арга барил удаанаар ашиглаагүй бол):

2012

2.7 Арга барилын төрөл

  • төсөл / хөтөлбөр дээр үндэслэсэн

2.8 Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилтууд

This practice aims to establish a consensual agreement on the access to and management of schemes and developed lands among the farmers of a given site. Through the facilitation process, it is possible to transfer management responsibility and ensure the peaceful farming of schemes. This practice makes it possible to bring actors with differing interests around the same table to discuss the ways in which the scheme’s facilities and lands will be accessed and exploited. The different scheme user groups discuss the delivery of the process and determine the different roles and responsibilities
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: no consensual agreement on the access to and management of schemes and developed lands among the farmers, conflicts on land resources

2.9 Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжсэн Технологи/Технологиудад дэмжсэн эсвэл саад учруулсан нөхцлүүд

Бүтэц зохион байгуулалт
  • Хазаарлалт

no consensual agreement on the access to and management of schemes and developed lands among the farmers
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Through the facilitation process, it is possible to transfer management responsibility and ensure the peaceful farming of schemes. Creating MSPs and then strengthening their organisational and institutional capacities to ensure that collaborative and best-fit infrastructure management is delivered by the different user groups, whose interests in the scheme’s easement area may diverge.

Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх)

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately hindered the approach implementation

3. Оролцогч талуудын оролцоо ба үүргүүд

3.1 Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүргүүд

  • Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд
  • ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/ хөдөө аж ахуйн зөвлөх
  • ТББ
  • Орон нутгийн захиргаа
  • Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч)
3.2 Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлэглэлүүдийг татан оролцуулах
Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэдийн оролцоо Хэн оролцсоныг тодорхойлж, үйл ажиллагааг тайлбарлана уу
санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт идэвхигүй
Төлөвлөгөө интерактив
Хэрэгжилт интерактив
Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ интерактив
Research идэвхигүй

3.4 ГТМ-ийн технологи/технологиуд сонгох шийдвэр

Хэрэгжүүлэх Технологи/Технологиудын сонголтыг хийж шийдвэр гаргасан хүнийг тодорхойлно уу:
  • ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүдийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр, голчлон газар ашиглагчид
Тайлбар :

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists

4. Техникийн дэмжлэг, чадавхи бүрдүүлэх, мэдлэгийн менежмент

4.1 Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх/сургалт

Газар эзэмшигчид / бусад оролцогч талуудад сургалт явуулсан уу?

Тийм

Хэн сургалтанд хамрагдсан бэ:
  • Газар ашиглагчид
Сургалтын хэлбэр :
  • Олон нийтийн уулзалт

4.2 Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ

Газар ашиглагчдад зөвлөх үйлчилгээ авах боломжтой байдаг уу?

Тийм

Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн эсэхийг тогтоо:
  • Тогтмол төвд
Тодорхойлолт / тайлбар:

Name of method used for advisory service: bring actors with differing interests around the same table; Key elements: different scheme user groups discuss the delivery of the process and determine the different roles and responsibilities
Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities

4.3 Институцийг бэхжүүлэх (байгууллагын хөгжил)

Арга барилаар дамжуулан институц байгуулагдаж эсвэл бэхжсэн үү?
  • Тийм, дунд зэрэг
Байгууллагууд бэхжиж, үүсэн бий болсон түвшин(үүд)-г тодорхойлно уу:
  • Орон нутгийн
Дэмжлэгийн төрлийг ялга:
  • Санхүүгийн
  • чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
  • Тоног төхөөрөмж

4.4 Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ

Мониторинг болон үнэлгээ нь арга барилын хэсэг үү?

Тийм

Тайлбар:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through measurements
technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, land users through observations
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, land users through observations
management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation
There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

4.5 Судалгаа

Судалгаа арга барилын хэсэг нь байсан уу?

Тийм

Сэдвийг тодруулна уу:
  • Социологи
  • Эдийн засаг/ зах зээл
  • Экологи
  • Технологи

5. Санхүүгийн болон гадаад материаллаг дэмжлэг

5.1 ГТМ-ийн Арга барилын бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв

Хэрэв жилийн төсөв тодорхойгүй бол хягаарыг тодруулна уу:
  • 10,000-100,000
Тайлбар (жнь: санхүүжилтийн гол эх үүсвэр / гол хандивлагчид):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government: 100.0%

5.2 Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн

Технологи / технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчид санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг авсан уу?

Тийм

Хэрэв тийм бол дэмжлэгийн төрөл(үүд), нөхцөл, болон нийлүүлэгч(чид) бичнэ үү:

The programme contributes to developing the visual aids required for communicating information and for spatial visualisation, and co-funds development action plans by sector.

5.3 Тодорхой зардлыг даахад чиглэсэн дэмжлэгт (хөдөлмөрийн хүчийг оролцуулаад)

Хэрэв газар ашиглагчийн хөдөлмөрийн хүч чухал байсан бол энэ нь аль хэлбэр байсан:
  • сайн дурын

6. Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт

6.1 Арга барилын нөлөөллүүд

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага зэрэг
  • Тийм, зарим
  • Тийм, их

maintenance of soil fertility, along with the prevention of environmental degradation; this practice makes it possible to bring actors with differing interests around the same table to discuss the ways in which the scheme’s facilities and lands will be accessed and exploited; enables the relevant actors to assess the overall management of the lowland scheme in a way which takes each stakeholder into account.

Арга барил нь эмзэг бүлгийнхнийг нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хувьд чадавхижуулсан уу?
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага зэрэг
  • Тийм, зарим
  • Тийм, их

The commune ensures the participation of the whole population in analysing the existing situation.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд саад учруулсан газрын эзэмшил / ашиглах эрхийг сайжруулахад чиглэсэн үү?
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага зэрэг
  • Тийм, зарим
  • Тийм, их

The commune ensures the participation of the whole population in analysing the existing situation. Social groups begin thinking about the modes of accessing lowland plots and study the relationships between different groups; they consider practices that are detrimental to the sustainability of the scheme and those that could trigger conflict among farmers; they think about ways to prevent and manage conflicts among farmers and about the practices that need to be regulated; clarification of the rights of former occupants and the plot allocation quota for women;

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага зэрэг
  • Тийм, зарим
  • Тийм, их

This approach has been used in all 30 of the agropastoral scheme sites that the AVAL Proramme has been supporting in the Yorosso, Sikasso and Kadiolo circles. The same process has been rolled out in 14 APEL Programme sites in the Yanfolila, Bougouni and Kolondiéba circles. At the AVAL programme level, 50 associations and/or cooperatives have been set up for the 30 sites in question. It has been possible to reach more than 6,500 producers through the user organisations (rice growers, market gardeners, fishers, livestock farmers, etc.). The area of farmland developed and governed by local agreements is estimated at nearly 2,500 hectares for both programmes. The approach was developed between 2006 and 2009 and implemented from 2010 to 2012.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага зэрэг
  • Тийм, зарим
  • Тийм, их

increased participation in activities that contribute to the area’s socio-economic development; The commune ensures the participation of the whole population in analysing the existing situation. Development and strengthening of a spirit of partnership among MSP members

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага зэрэг
  • Тийм, зарим
  • Тийм, их

6.2 ГТМ-ийг хэрэгжүүлэх газар ашиглагчидын гол санаачилга

  • үйлдвэрлэл нэмэгдсэн
  • Ашиг нэмэгдсэн (боломж), зардал-үр ашгийн харьцаа сайжирсан
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement

6.3 Арга барилын үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал

Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой хадгалж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?
  • Тодорхойгүй
Хэрэв үгүй эсвэл тодорхойгүй бол дэлгэрэнгүй тайлбар өгнө үү:

Involving actors from different sectors of society can lend the project a strong dynamic. Setting up formal relationships between the commune and professional groups helps ensure the sustainability of public-private partnerships. Agreements must, however, be closely monitored; indeed, it is essential to review their implementation and functioning regularly. Agreements can be challenged and modified so that they adapt to changing contexts.

6.4 Арга барилын тогтвортой/давуу тал/боломжууд

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
The commune ensures the participation of the whole population in analysing the existing situation. Social groups begin thinking about the modes of accessing lowland plots and study the relationships between different groups; they consider practices that are detrimental to the sustainability of the scheme and those that could trigger conflict among farmers; they think about ways to prevent and manage conflicts among farmers and about the practices that need to be regulated; and so on. In this way, the instrument enables the relevant actors to assess the overall management of the lowland scheme in a way which takes each stakeholder into account.
promotion of local government and the good management of scheme easement area resources.
reduction of site-related conflicts and the setting of a benchmark for the local resolution of such issues
(How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The level to which farmers’ objectives for the scheme are satisfied engenders strong interest in the process, so the facilitator must be constantly available to listen to and deal with individual requirements and constraints.)
development and strengthening of a spirit of partnership among MSP members
increased participation in activities that contribute to the area’s socio-economic development. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Involving actors from different sectors of society can lend the project a strong dynamic. Setting up formal relationships between the commune and professional groups helps ensure the sustainability of public-private partnerships. Agreements must, however, be closely monitored; indeed, it is essential to review their implementation and functioning regularly. Agreements can be challenged and modified so that they adapt to changing contexts.)
maintenance of soil fertility, along with the prevention of environmental degradation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The facilitation plan must take into account local people’s agricultural calendar (June, July, August and September are not recommended for process facilitation activities). Carrying out initial processes of reflection in interest groups serves to enhance future negotiations. This
method enables the specific issues for each type of use to be clarified. The subsequent process of finding consensus is made possible through the involvement of local and traditional authorities, in addition to Moderation.)
This practice makes it possible to bring actors with differing interests around the same table to discuss the ways in which the scheme’s facilities and lands will be accessed and exploited. The different scheme user groups discuss the delivery of the process and determine the different roles and responsibilities (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: In light of the issues and sensitivities involved (land tenure, authority and governance issues, etc.), the commune must ensure that delivery is strategic and that operational duties are delegated to the MSP, which is, itself, governed by the traditional village authority. A facilitator leads the process.)

6.5 Арга барилын дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийн хэрхэн даван туулах арга замууд

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Covering the consultation and meeting costs can be an issue. However, these costs are relatively low (750,000 to 900,000 CFA francs per site (1712 Dollar)) considering the benefits.
Social divides within village communities can cause major problems. Land tenure, authority and governance issues must be considered and analysed throughout the process to ensure that the resulting propositions are relevant.

7. Суурь мэдээлэл болон холбоосууд

7.1 Мэдээллийн эх үүсвэр/аргууд

  • Хээрийн уулзалт, судалгаа
  • Газар ашиглагчтай хийсэн ярилцлага

7.2 Холбогдох бүтээлийн ишлэл

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel. Experiences from Mali. Published by GIZ in 2014

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

http://star-www.giz.de/starweb/giz/pub/servlet.starweb

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation/BACIL, Rapports de prestation de services et d’accompagnement [Reports on service provision and support activities] 2010, 2011, 2012

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation/CADEL, Rapports de prestation de services et d’accompagnement [Reports on service provision and support activities] 2010, 2011, 2012

Модулууд