1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

SNNPR Bureau of Agriculture - Etiópia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

30/05/2011

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

1.5 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre as abordagens da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

A terrace constructed along the contour with the embankment above the basin to prevent/control or reduce runoff.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

The technology is integrated with cutoff drain, stablized by grass and trees and also integrated with some agronomic measures such as inter cropping, crop rotation and green manuring.

Purpose of the Technology: It aims at controlling runoff velocity and soil erosion, changes the slope inclination, recharge ground water, conserve soil moisture and increase the productivity per unit of land.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: It is done or maintained on self-help bases. When the basin is filled up with sediment or it is damaged by over flowing of runoff, repair work is undertaken.

Natural / human environment: It is environmentaly sound, conducive and accepted by the communit

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

from expriences in other countries and also other woredas in the country.

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• Reduz, previne, recupera a degradação do solo

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Low soil fertility, land degradation, decline in productivity.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Productivity has highly declined, high amounts of inputs required to improve the soil fertility.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Teff - Maize - Beans - Sweet potato

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Precipitação natural

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 2

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 240 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 180 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Dec

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Medidas de curva de nível

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Comentários:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 15.18 m2.

The technology is integrated with different biological measures such as bund stablized by grass, legumes and tree species and supplimented with cutoff drain.

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Reduzir a degradação do solo

Comentários:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Especificações técnicas/ explicações do desenho técnico

SNNPR

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Early planting
Material/ species: maize, teff
Remarks: broad casting, row planting

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize with beans
Quantity/ density: 25kg/ha
Remarks: row planting

Agronomic measure: sweet potato
Quantity/ density: 55000

Legume inter-planting
Remarks: row planting

Contour tillage
Remarks: furrow formation

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1m
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 7m

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 33

Trees/ shrubs species: sesbania, Shinus molle

Fruit trees / shrubs species: mango, avocado, papaya

Perennial crops species: coffee

Grass species: elephant grass, phalaris

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.75
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 300
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 300

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1-1.5
Spacing between structures (m): 10-20
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.2m
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 100

Construction material (earth): At the time of ditch construction, the excavated soil is used to make the embankment.

Construction material (stone): Stones are used for ditch pavement

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 20%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level

4.3 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

Outro/moeda nacional (especifique):

Birr

Indique a taxa cambial do dólar norte americano para a moeda local (se relevante): 1 USD =:

8,6

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Collecting of planting materials (seeds)	Vegetativo	during rainy season
2.	Planting on bunds	Vegetativo	during rainy season
3.	Cultivation	Vegetativo	during rainy season
4.	Fencing	Vegetativo	during rainy season
5.	Survey	Estrutural	dry season
6.	Layout	Estrutural	dry season
7.	Constructing the terrace	Estrutural	dry season
8.	Stablization of terrace	Estrutural	rain season
9.	control grazing	Gestão

4.5 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	Labour	ha	1,0	140,0	140,0	100,0
Mão-de-obra	Person days	ha	1,0	29,0	29,0
Equipamento	Animal traction	ha	1,0	101,0	101,0
Equipamento	Tools	ha	1,0	47,0	47,0
Material vegetal	Seeds	ha	1,0	24,0	24,0
Fertilizantes e biocidas	Fertilizer	ha	1,0	55,0	55,0
Custos totais para a implantação da tecnologia					396,0

Comentários:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade/frequência
1.	Land preparation	Agronômico	before and onset of rains / each cropping season
2.	Planting/Sowing	Agronômico	during rains / each cropping season
3.	Weeding	Agronômico	during rains / each cropping season
4.	Harvesting	Agronômico	dry season / each cropping season
5.	Replanting	Vegetativo	rainy season /as needed
6.	Replanting	Estrutural	rainy season/annual
7.	Sediment removal	Estrutural	offset of rain/annual

4.7 Custos e entradas necessárias pata a manutenção/atividades recorrentes (por ano)

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	Labour	ha	1,0	14,0	14,0	100,0
Mão-de-obra	Person days	ha	1,0	29,0	29,0
Equipamento	Animal traction	ha	1,0	101,0	101,0
Material vegetal	Seeds	ha	1,0	24,0	24,0
Fertilizantes e biocidas	Fertilizer	ha	1,0	55,0	55,0
Custos totais para a manutenção da tecnologia					223,0

Comentários:

Machinery/ tools: Shovel and hoe

The cost estimation is made for 1 km length bund in a hectare of land planted with maize.

4.8 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

Labour cost increases or decreases per hectare of land depending on land form, type and depth of the soil. Cost of construction with increase in slope.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a topografia:

Altitudinal zone: 1501-2000 m a.s.l. ( over 70% falls in this category, ranked 1), 2000-2500 m a.s.l. (ranked 2) and 1001-1500 m a.s.l. as well as 2501-3000 m a.s.l. (both ranked 3)
Landforms: Ridges (ranked 2) and mountain slopes as well as valley floors (both ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Hilly (soils have better fertility, ranked 1), rolling (ranked 2) and moderate (ranked 3)

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep (most of the soils (60%) have moderately deep soils, ranked 1), deep (25 % SWC area, ranked 2) and shallow (soils on steep slopes (15%), ranked 3)
Soil fertility: Low (continuous cropping-long period cultivation, ranked 1), very low (shallow soils, ranked 2) and medium (ranked 3)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (no crop yield with out fertilizers applied, ranked 1), medium (ranked 2) and high (flat slopes and around harvested, ranked 3)
Soil water storage capacity: High (ranked 1), very high (ranked 2) and medium (ranked 3)

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land (own few livestock).
45% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land (have small land holding).
35% of the land users are poor and own 35% of the land (no/too little land, no property).
Off-farm income specification: Most of the people in the area are engaged in agricultural activities and only few people are engaged on off-farm activities.
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (most of the land users, ranked 1) and manual work (few land useres, ranked 2)
Market oriantation cropland: Subsistence (The produce is only enough for family consumption)

5.7 Média da área de terra própria ou arrendada por usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Propriedade da terra:

• Estado

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Produção

Renda e custos

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Outros impactos ecológicos

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

Entre todos aqueles que adotaram a tecnologia, quantos adotaram espontaneamente, ou seja, sem receber nenhum incentivo material/pagamentos?

• 10-50%

Comentários:

75% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

25% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: SWC intervention is an activity that aims at controlling erosion, improving soil moisture and productivity per unit area of land.

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Controls erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? use of multipurpose plant species for bund stablization.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Effective in controlling erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? quality and technical standard should be kept.
Fast to develop to bench terrace How can they be sustained / enhanced? require continuous maintainance

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
harbour rodents	provision of pesticides
labour intensive	provision of hand tools and incentives
no short time impact	introduce multipurpose planting material