1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

SNNPR Bureau of Agriculture - Ethiopie

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

30/05/2011

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.5 Référence au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Approches de GDT

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

A terrace constructed along the contour with the embankment above the basin to prevent/control or reduce runoff.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

The technology is integrated with cutoff drain, stablized by grass and trees and also integrated with some agronomic measures such as inter cropping, crop rotation and green manuring.

Purpose of the Technology: It aims at controlling runoff velocity and soil erosion, changes the slope inclination, recharge ground water, conserve soil moisture and increase the productivity per unit of land.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: It is done or maintained on self-help bases. When the basin is filled up with sediment or it is damaged by over flowing of runoff, repair work is undertaken.

Natural / human environment: It is environmentaly sound, conducive and accepted by the communit

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

from expriences in other countries and also other woredas in the country.

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Low soil fertility, land degradation, decline in productivity.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Productivity has highly declined, high amounts of inputs required to improve the soil fertility.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Teff - Maize - Beans - Sweet potato

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 2

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 240 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 180 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Dec

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• mesures en travers de la pente

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 15.18 m2.

The technology is integrated with different biological measures such as bund stablized by grass, legumes and tree species and supplimented with cutoff drain.

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• réduire la dégradation des terres

Commentaires:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

SNNPR

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Early planting
Material/ species: maize, teff
Remarks: broad casting, row planting

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize with beans
Quantity/ density: 25kg/ha
Remarks: row planting

Agronomic measure: sweet potato
Quantity/ density: 55000

Legume inter-planting
Remarks: row planting

Contour tillage
Remarks: furrow formation

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1m
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 7m

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 33

Trees/ shrubs species: sesbania, Shinus molle

Fruit trees / shrubs species: mango, avocado, papaya

Perennial crops species: coffee

Grass species: elephant grass, phalaris

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.75
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 300
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 300

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1-1.5
Spacing between structures (m): 10-20
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.2m
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 100

Construction material (earth): At the time of ditch construction, the excavated soil is used to make the embankment.

Construction material (stone): Stones are used for ditch pavement

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 20%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Birr

Indiquer le taux de change du dollars en monnaie locale (si pertinent): 1 USD= :

8,6

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Collecting of planting materials (seeds)	Végétale	during rainy season
2.	Planting on bunds	Végétale	during rainy season
3.	Cultivation	Végétale	during rainy season
4.	Fencing	Végétale	during rainy season
5.	Survey	Structurel	dry season
6.	Layout	Structurel	dry season
7.	Constructing the terrace	Structurel	dry season
8.	Stablization of terrace	Structurel	rain season
9.	control grazing	Modes de gestion

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% du coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	140,0	140,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Person days	ha	1,0	29,0	29,0
Equipements	Animal traction	ha	1,0	101,0	101,0
Equipements	Tools	ha	1,0	47,0	47,0
Matériel végétal	Seeds	ha	1,0	24,0	24,0
Engrais et biocides	Fertilizer	ha	1,0	55,0	55,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					396,0

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Land preparation	Agronomique	before and onset of rains / each cropping season
2.	Planting/Sowing	Agronomique	during rains / each cropping season
3.	Weeding	Agronomique	during rains / each cropping season
4.	Harvesting	Agronomique	dry season / each cropping season
5.	Replanting	Végétale	rainy season /as needed
6.	Replanting	Structurel	rainy season/annual
7.	Sediment removal	Structurel	offset of rain/annual

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% du coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	14,0	14,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Person days	ha	1,0	29,0	29,0
Equipements	Animal traction	ha	1,0	101,0	101,0
Matériel végétal	Seeds	ha	1,0	24,0	24,0
Engrais et biocides	Fertilizer	ha	1,0	55,0	55,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie					223,0

Commentaires:

Machinery/ tools: Shovel and hoe

The cost estimation is made for 1 km length bund in a hectare of land planted with maize.

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Labour cost increases or decreases per hectare of land depending on land form, type and depth of the soil. Cost of construction with increase in slope.

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Altitudinal zone: 1501-2000 m a.s.l. ( over 70% falls in this category, ranked 1), 2000-2500 m a.s.l. (ranked 2) and 1001-1500 m a.s.l. as well as 2501-3000 m a.s.l. (both ranked 3)
Landforms: Ridges (ranked 2) and mountain slopes as well as valley floors (both ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Hilly (soils have better fertility, ranked 1), rolling (ranked 2) and moderate (ranked 3)

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep (most of the soils (60%) have moderately deep soils, ranked 1), deep (25 % SWC area, ranked 2) and shallow (soils on steep slopes (15%), ranked 3)
Soil fertility: Low (continuous cropping-long period cultivation, ranked 1), very low (shallow soils, ranked 2) and medium (ranked 3)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (no crop yield with out fertilizers applied, ranked 1), medium (ranked 2) and high (flat slopes and around harvested, ranked 3)
Soil water storage capacity: High (ranked 1), very high (ranked 2) and medium (ranked 3)

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land (own few livestock).
45% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land (have small land holding).
35% of the land users are poor and own 35% of the land (no/too little land, no property).
Off-farm income specification: Most of the people in the area are engaged in agricultural activities and only few people are engaged on off-farm activities.
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (most of the land users, ranked 1) and manual work (few land useres, ranked 2)
Market oriantation cropland: Subsistence (The produce is only enough for family consumption)

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres détenues ou louées par les exploitants appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• état

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Autres impacts écologiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Parmi tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle ou aucun paiement?

• 10-50%

Commentaires:

75% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

25% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: SWC intervention is an activity that aims at controlling erosion, improving soil moisture and productivity per unit area of land.

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Controls erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? use of multipurpose plant species for bund stablization.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Effective in controlling erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? quality and technical standard should be kept.
Fast to develop to bench terrace How can they be sustained / enhanced? require continuous maintainance

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
harbour rodents	provision of pesticides
labour intensive	provision of hand tools and incentives
no short time impact	introduce multipurpose planting material