1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

SNNPR Bureau of Agriculture - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

30/05/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A terrace constructed along the contour with the embankment above the basin to prevent/control or reduce runoff.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is integrated with cutoff drain, stablized by grass and trees and also integrated with some agronomic measures such as inter cropping, crop rotation and green manuring.

Purpose of the Technology: It aims at controlling runoff velocity and soil erosion, changes the slope inclination, recharge ground water, conserve soil moisture and increase the productivity per unit of land.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: It is done or maintained on self-help bases. When the basin is filled up with sediment or it is damaged by over flowing of runoff, repair work is undertaken.

Natural / human environment: It is environmentaly sound, conducive and accepted by the communit

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

from expriences in other countries and also other woredas in the country.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Low soil fertility, land degradation, decline in productivity.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Productivity has highly declined, high amounts of inputs required to improve the soil fertility.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Teff - Maize - Beans - Sweet potato

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 240 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 180 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Dec

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 15.18 m2.

The technology is integrated with different biological measures such as bund stablized by grass, legumes and tree species and supplimented with cutoff drain.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

SNNPR

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Early planting
Material/ species: maize, teff
Remarks: broad casting, row planting

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize with beans
Quantity/ density: 25kg/ha
Remarks: row planting

Agronomic measure: sweet potato
Quantity/ density: 55000

Legume inter-planting
Remarks: row planting

Contour tillage
Remarks: furrow formation

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1m
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 7m

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 33

Trees/ shrubs species: sesbania, Shinus molle

Fruit trees / shrubs species: mango, avocado, papaya

Perennial crops species: coffee

Grass species: elephant grass, phalaris

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.75
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 300
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 300

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1-1.5
Spacing between structures (m): 10-20
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.2m
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 100

Construction material (earth): At the time of ditch construction, the excavated soil is used to make the embankment.

Construction material (stone): Stones are used for ditch pavement

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 20%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.6

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Collecting of planting materials (seeds)	植物性的	during rainy season
2.	Planting on bunds	植物性的	during rainy season
3.	Cultivation	植物性的	during rainy season
4.	Fencing	植物性的	during rainy season
5.	Survey	结构性的	dry season
6.	Layout	结构性的	dry season
7.	Constructing the terrace	结构性的	dry season
8.	Stablization of terrace	结构性的	rain season
9.	control grazing	管理

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	140.0	140.0	100.0
劳动力	Person days	ha	1.0	29.0	29.0
设备	Animal traction	ha	1.0	101.0	101.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	47.0	47.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	24.0	24.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	55.0	55.0
技术建立所需总成本					396.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Land preparation	农业学的	before and onset of rains / each cropping season
2.	Planting/Sowing	农业学的	during rains / each cropping season
3.	Weeding	农业学的	during rains / each cropping season
4.	Harvesting	农业学的	dry season / each cropping season
5.	Replanting	植物性的	rainy season /as needed
6.	Replanting	结构性的	rainy season/annual
7.	Sediment removal	结构性的	offset of rain/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	14.0	14.0	100.0
劳动力	Person days	ha	1.0	29.0	29.0
设备	Animal traction	ha	1.0	101.0	101.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	24.0	24.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	55.0	55.0
技术维护所需总成本					223.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Shovel and hoe

The cost estimation is made for 1 km length bund in a hectare of land planted with maize.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour cost increases or decreases per hectare of land depending on land form, type and depth of the soil. Cost of construction with increase in slope.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1501-2000 m a.s.l. ( over 70% falls in this category, ranked 1), 2000-2500 m a.s.l. (ranked 2) and 1001-1500 m a.s.l. as well as 2501-3000 m a.s.l. (both ranked 3)
Landforms: Ridges (ranked 2) and mountain slopes as well as valley floors (both ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Hilly (soils have better fertility, ranked 1), rolling (ranked 2) and moderate (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep (most of the soils (60%) have moderately deep soils, ranked 1), deep (25 % SWC area, ranked 2) and shallow (soils on steep slopes (15%), ranked 3)
Soil fertility: Low (continuous cropping-long period cultivation, ranked 1), very low (shallow soils, ranked 2) and medium (ranked 3)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (no crop yield with out fertilizers applied, ranked 1), medium (ranked 2) and high (flat slopes and around harvested, ranked 3)
Soil water storage capacity: High (ranked 1), very high (ranked 2) and medium (ranked 3)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land (own few livestock).
45% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land (have small land holding).
35% of the land users are poor and own 35% of the land (no/too little land, no property).
Off-farm income specification: Most of the people in the area are engaged in agricultural activities and only few people are engaged on off-farm activities.
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (most of the land users, ranked 1) and manual work (few land useres, ranked 2)
Market oriantation cropland: Subsistence (The produce is only enough for family consumption)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

75% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

25% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: SWC intervention is an activity that aims at controlling erosion, improving soil moisture and productivity per unit area of land.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Controls erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? use of multipurpose plant species for bund stablization.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Effective in controlling erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? quality and technical standard should be kept.
Fast to develop to bench terrace How can they be sustained / enhanced? require continuous maintainance

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
harbour rodents	provision of pesticides
labour intensive	provision of hand tools and incentives
no short time impact	introduce multipurpose planting material