1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Working for Water (Natural Resource Management Programmes – DEA, South Africa)?

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Silt fences together with brush packing were introduced to reduce sediment transport and restoration of gully erosion in the Potlake nature reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Silt fences, together with brush packing were introduced in the Potlake Game Reserve (2817 ha) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to rehabilitate areas affected by serious rill and gully erosion. Due to overgrazing on highly erodible soils, gully headcuts are actively migrating upstream. Implementation of the technology leads to enhanced vegetation cover and reduced sediment transport in the gullies. Silt fences are temporary structures and are therefore placed closer together than permanent structures. The placing is such that the silt from the downstream structure builds up against the upstream structure to delay the perishing of the restoration materials. Vegetation must be established in the gully (donga) as soon as possible so that, when the materials decay after about ten years, the area will be restored. Altitudes vary from 1 174 m to 780 m above sea level. The reserve is located in a summer rainfall region and receives an average annual rainfall of 438 mm per year. Clayey duplex soils are prone to both natural and man-induced erosion. The vegetation comprises Central Bushveld vegetation units of the Savanna Biome. Savanna is characterized by a herbaceous layer (usually dominated by grasses) with a woody component. In Southern Africa, Bushveld is an apt description of the vegetation structure, as the vegetation most often does not comprise distinct shrub and tree layers. Instead, the shrubs and trees occur in a matrix with a grass-dominated herb layer. A number of large gullies exist along drainage lines on highly erodible soils. Some of the gullies are up to 1.5 m deep and 5 m wide. A total of around 200 m of silt fences were erected at selected sites in the reserve to retain sediment and to establish vegetation. The following steps were followed in the establishment of the silt fences:
1. Identification of priority sites to erect the silt fences - using Google Earth imagery and field surveys.
2. Acquisition of restoration material and training of local community members on the implementation of the technology (training by Mr. Buckle at that stage from the Department).
3. Levelling of the area where fences would be erected.
4. Construction of fences.
5. Brush packing (upstream of fence) stone packing (downstream in the gully).

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rand

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

16.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Preparation of the site to be restored	Winter (outside raining season)
2.	Installation of silt fences followed by brush and stone packing	Winter

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Unskilled labour (including transport)	Per day	6.0	280.0	1680.0
设备	Power tools - electric power generator, angle grinder, hammer drill,	Per day	3.0	500.0	1500.0
设备	Measuring tape, wire tensioning tool, pole driver, heavy and light hammers, pick, spade, pliers and scissors	Per day	10.0	20.0	200.0
施工材料	4mm wire	Per meter	100.0	15.0	1500.0
施工材料	Standards	Per piece	6.0	90.0	540.0
施工材料	Netting	Per meter	15.0	90.0	1350.0
施工材料	Anchor poles	Per piece	6.0	10.0	60.0
施工材料	T pegs	Per piece	20.0	20.0	400.0
施工材料	Binding wire	Per kg	5.0	40.0	200.0
施工材料	Filter material (UV treated shade cloth - 80%)	Per meter	86.0	20.0	1720.0
技术建立所需总成本					9150.0
技术建立总成本，美元					571.88

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment - South Africa

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Repair of fences after floods	After flooding event

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Repair of fences	Per day	2.0	280.0	560.0
设备	Pliers, hammers, wire tensioning tool, pick, spade, pliers and scissors	Per day	5.0	20.0	100.0
施工材料	Binding wire and filter material	Per meter	4.0	150.0	600.0
技术维护所需总成本					1260.0
技术维护总成本，美元					78.75

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

1. Timing - during the raining season these areas could be inaccessible due to clayey soils and water in gullies.
2, Availability of labour.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

A variety of soil forms occur in the reserve and can generally be grouped according to the vegetation unit it supports. Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld soils are predominantly shallow, rocky and clayey, with lime soils of the Glenrosa and Mispah soil forms often occurring in low-lying areas. Steep slopes commonly have rocky areas with no soil. The Dwars River valley is characterised by prismacutanic horizons with melanic structured diagnostic horizons.

Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld mainly occurs on red apedal clayey soils rich in metals. Soils on the plains are characterised by deep loamy Valsrivier soils. Shallow Glenrosa soils are found on the low-lying, rocky hills. Small mountains commonly have erodible black, melanic structured horizons.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Although the reserve has a very high biodiversity it also includes a potential 16 plant species of conservation concern, of which one is critically endangered and two are endangered.
The reserve has a fair representation of game for its size, but it should be noted that the area is very prone to erosion if its ecological capacity is exceeded. During an aerial census conducted in the reserve a total of 582 head of game was recorded. There are currently 78 verified avian species occurring at the reserve, of which 10 occur on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. A total of 33 reptile species has been recorded and a possible 32 amphibian species. No data is currently available for the fish species occurring at the reserve.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Nature reserve - tourism

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

• State land

• State land

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

其它社会经济效应

生态影响

土壤

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

The on-site impact assessment mainly includes a visual assessment of the amount of sediment trapped behind the silt fences and the establishment of vegetation.

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地雷暴	适度

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
山洪暴发	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Very important to stabilise landscapes.
Helps to improve the habitat for wildlife, biodiversity in the protected area.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Helps to improve the habitat for wildlife, biodiversity in the protected area.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Sensitive to floods	Timing of construction crucial - ready before the floods occur

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Same as above

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Combating erosion with silt fences, Jan van Heerden, 2006, ISBN 1-919849-76-9

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.arc.agric.za/arc-iae/Documents/Publication%20List%20and%20Orderform.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Five-year strategic plan for the Potlake Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

LEDET - no cost