1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) (Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI)) - Bangladesh

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD) (Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD)) - Bangladesh

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Tradtional appraoch to jhuming involving tribal institutions and traditonal knowledge based technologies.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: The main purpose of the approach is to facilitate the tribal population with no cultivable landownership to seek their subsistence by adopting tradtional jhum practice by involving the entire family members. The specific objectives is to ensure site allocation within the communites for jhum and to ensure that the age old knowledge about shifting cultivation is passed on to the next generations.

Methods: The method to achieving this is that the tribals have a very strong local institution comprising of King, Dewan, Head man, and Karbari, priests and the villagers. In case of knowledge transfer, head of a family ensures that he/she passes on the technology information to his/her followers.

Stages of implementation: At evry stage of the implementation of jhum, the landusers are supported by the local institutions and their tradtional custams, attitudes and beliefs.

Role of stakeholders: The tribal institution takes care of the problems encourtered by the landusers during selection of jhum sites and overall activities of jhum.

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.7 Type d'Approche

• traditionnel/ autochtone

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Slashing, burning, weeding)

The main purpose of the approach is to facilitate the tribal population with no cultivable landownership to seek their subsistence by adopting tradtional jhum practice by involving the entire family members. The specific objectives is to ensure site allocation within the communites for jhum and to ensure that the age old knowledge about shifting cultivation is passed on to the next generations. The method to achieving this is that the tribals have a very strong local institution comprising of King, Dewan, Head man, and Karbari, priests and the villagers. In case of knowledge transfer, head of a family ensures that he/she passes on the technology information to his/her followers. At evry stage of the implementation of jhum, the landusers are supported by the local institutions and their tradtional custams, attitudes and beliefs. The tribal institution takes care of the problems encourtered by the landusers during selection of jhum sites and overall activities of jhum.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: That the poor triabal communities with no landownership can make a livelihood by jhum practice without any inter/intra commmunity conflicts. It also ensures that outside interference which might threaten the jhumias livelihood is minimised.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	aucun
planification	interactive	public meetings; Plan within the triabls the distribution of land for jhum.
mise en œuvre	auto-mobilisation	responsibility for major steps; By individual households.
suivi/ évaluation	interactive	measurements/observations; By the landusers.
Research	aucun

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• les exploitants des terres seuls (auto-initiative)

Expliquez:

Individual household based decision

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). In close consultation with the local jhum based institution.

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

Formats de la formation:

• sur le tas

Thèmes abordés:

The family head gives training their off spring.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?

Décrivez/ commentez:

Name of method used for advisory service: Jhumia to jhumia hands on extension method.; Key elements: Interaction between two generations., Interactions between jhumia based local institutions., On the job training.; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: landusers 2) Advisory service was carried out through: landusers; e 3) Target groups for extension: land users.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, beaucoup

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

Précisez le type de soutien:

• renforcement des capacités/ formation

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Meetings): 100.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Non

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• aucun

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• oui

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Food security and poverty aleviation. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: They would rather prefer settled agriculture.)
Multiple crop production round the year.
Less costly and less laborious.
Availability of fuel and timber.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Inspite of land ownership conflicts, local institutions function efficiently to maintain harmony in the community. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The strenght of local institutions need to be optimally used by the projects and programs to develop and test better and sustainable production systems from a SWC perspective in CHT.)
Easy to adopt and less costly to implement.
Marginal lands can be used.
Self employment for the entire family.
Ensures food security and poverty elevation.
Multi-crop based production system for the whole year.
Gender equity.
Availability of fuel and timber.
Traditional knowledge based practice.

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Soil degradation and low productivity.	Financial support and land rights ensured.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
The appraoch promotes soil and land degradation, deforestation and loss of flora and fauna.	The landusers should be encoraged to take up settled agriculture ensuring their land rights and logistic supports from liquidity and technical amd material support.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Sustainability Appraisal of Shifting Cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. By Ole K. Borggaard, Abdul Gafur and Leif Petersen.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Ambio Vol. 32 No. 2, 118-123, March 2003.

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Runoff and losses of soil and nutrients from small watersheds under shifting cultivation (Jhum) in the CHT of Bangladesh. Abdul Gafur et al. 2003

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Journal of Hydrology, Volume 274, Issues 1-4, 1 April 2003, Pages 30-46

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Changes in Soil Nutrient Content under Shifting Cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Abdul Gafur, et al. 2000.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Danish Journal of Geography 100: 37-46