1.2 ຂໍ້ມູນ ການຕິດຕໍ່ພົວພັນ ຂອງບຸກຄົນທີ່ສໍາຄັນ ແລະ ສະຖາບັນ ທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນການປະເມີນເອກກະສານ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຊື່ສະຖາບັນ (ຫຼາຍສະຖາບັນ) ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ / ປະເມີນ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MoA) - ເຄັນຢາ

1.3 ເງື່ອນໄຂ ກ່ຽວກັບ ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນເອກະສານ ທີ່ສ້າງຂື້ນ ໂດຍຜ່ານ ອົງການພາບລວມຂອງໂລກ ທາງດ້ານແນວທາງ ແລະ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ຂອງການອານຸລັກ ທໍາມະຊາດ (WOCAT)

ເມື່ອໃດທີ່ໄດ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ (ຢູ່ພາກສະໜາມ)?

21/04/2003

ຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ແລະ ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ ທີ່ໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນ (ຫຼາຍ) ຍິນຍອມ ຕາມເງື່ອນໄຂ ໃນການນຳໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນ ເພື່ອສ້າງເປັນເອກກະສານຂອງ WOCAT:

ແມ່ນ

2.1 ຄໍາອະທິບາຍສັ້ນຂອງ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ການກຳໜົດຄວາມໝາຍ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

Water harvest for agricultural production in Asals

2.2 ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ການພັນລະນາ:

Water harvest enhances extra moisture and reduces risk of crop failure. It can either be external or internal. The activities also reduce runoff/overland flow and soil loss.
Manure and fertilizer improve soil water holding capacity and soil properties.
Appropriate tillage for improvement of infiltration rate of the soil.

2.3 ຮູບພາບຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

2.5 ປະເທດ / ເຂດ / ສະຖານທີ່ບ່ອນທີ່ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຮັບການນໍາໃຊ້ ແລະ ທີ່ຖືກປົກຄຸມດ້ວຍການປະເມີນຜົນ

2.6 ວັນທີໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າ ບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັກ ປີທີ່ຊັດເຈນ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ປະມານ ວັນທີເອົາ:

• ຕໍ່າກວ່າ 10 ປີ ຜ່ານມາ (ມາເຖິງປະຈຸບັນ)

2.7 ການນໍາສະເໜີ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຖືກຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດຄືແນວໃດ?

• ໂດຍຜ່ານໂຄງການ / ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຈາກພາຍນອກ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ (ປະເພດ ໂຄງການ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ):

ministry of agriculture and rural development, soil and water conservation branch Nairobi, Kenya

3.1 ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກ (ຫຼາຍ) ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

• ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ, ປ້ອງກັນ, ຟື້ນຟູ ການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

3.2 ປະເພດການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃນປະຈຸບັນ() ທີ່ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Topsoil losses, creation of hardban, soil surface crusting and fertility decline are major problems in areas without SWC.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Yield decline and poor quality produce are problems in areas without SWC.

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: mixed land use type

Mixed: (eg agro-pastoralism, silvo-pastoralism): practiced by few

Other grazingland: semi-intensive grazing: semi-intensive grazing

Grazingland comments: Area closure can not be substituted, stall feeding materials not available. The family leader owns the stock but could fail to meet family needs if the system is not commercialized.

Selective felling of (semi-) natural forests: fuelwood purpose

Clear felling of (semi-)natural forests: for agricultural production

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Some uncontrolled grazing/browsing rather critical tp forest establoshment. Gapping can last long due to rainfall long intervals

Forest products and services: fuelwood, fruits and nuts

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: maize as major crop, followed by tubbers and legumes.

Type of grazing system comments: Area closure can not be substituted, stall feeding materials not available. The family leader owns the stock but could fail to meet family needs if the system is not commercialized.

Constraints of astructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines): roadside runoff enhances runoff Farming. Isolated trees preserved by traders in Mkt-centres

3.3 ຂໍ້ມູນເພີ່ມເຕີມກ່ຽວກັບການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ

ການສະໜອງນໍ້າ ໃນພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

• ນໍ້າຝົນ

ຈໍານວນ ລະດູການ ປູກໃນປີໜຶ່ງ:

• 2

ລະບຸ ຊະນິດ:

Longest growing period in days: 106 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Jun Second longest growing period in days: 71 Second longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Dec

3.4 ການນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ຢູ່ໃນກຸ່ມການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

• ການເກັບກັກນໍ້າ

3.5 ການຂະຫຍາຍເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 45 m2.

Target-area 485 km^2 inhabited by 6550 farm families and population dynamic 46075.

3.6 ມາດຕະການ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ ປະກອບດ້ວຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: relay cropping, manure / compost / residues, breaking compacted topsoil

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour, scattered / dispersed, in blocks

3.7 ປະເພດດິນເຊື່ອມໂຊມ ຫຼັກທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Main type of degradation addressed: Pk: sealing and crusting

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 ການປ້ອງກັນ, ການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ, ຫຼືການຟື້ນຟູຂອງການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເປົ້າໝາຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ພົວພັນ ກັບຄວາມເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ:

• ປ້ອງກັນການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 ເຕັກນິກ ໃນການແຕ້ມແຜນວາດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

4.2 ການແຕ້ມແຜນວາດອະທິບາຍເຕັກນິກ

technical drawing catchment to cultural area ratio: 3:1 - 5:1 Horizontal interval constant

Makueni district

Date: 22.11.2002

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase in soil fertility

Relay cropping
Material/ species: improved mango trees
Quantity/ density: 124
Remarks: 9 m^2

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: FYM/compost
Quantity/ density: 12.5 t/ha

Breaking compacted topsoil
Remarks: appropriate tillage

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.6x0.3
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 15
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 40

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 124
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 9
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 9x9
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 9

Trees/ shrubs species: Cacia scamea, Accacia albida

Fruit trees / shrubs species: mango, citrus, pawpaw

Grass species: ceuchrus cuharis, erayroster superba

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 0.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.20%

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.2
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.2
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.45
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.5

Terrace: bench level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.2
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.45

Construction material (earth): earth moving for SWC embankment construction

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0.2%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: stock holding capacity of land

4.3 ຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປກ່ຽວກັບການຄິດໄລ່ປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າໃນການຜະລິດ ແລະ ມູນຄ່າອື່ນໆ

ລະບຸ ສະກຸນເງິນທີ່ໃຊ້ສໍາລັບ ການຄິດໄລ່ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ:

• ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ

4.4 ການສ້າງຕັ້ງກິດຈະກໍາ

	ກິດຈະກໍາ	ປະເພດ ມາດຕະການ	ໄລຍະເວລາ
1.	grass planting on embankments	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	after onset of rain
2.	fruits seedling transplanting	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	october rain
3.	dispersed tree seedlings transplanting	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	october rain
4.	retention/infiltration ditches	ໂຄງສ້າງ	after crop harvest
5.	Bench terraces	ໂຄງສ້າງ	after crop harvest
6.	external water harvest channels	ໂຄງສ້າງ	before raining season
7.	structure stabilization	ໂຄງສ້າງ	onset of rain
8.	manure/fertilizer application	ໂຄງສ້າງ	after crop harvest
9.	Bush clearing	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	after grazing
10.	reseeding/grass planting in bare parches	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	dry season
11.	fodder establishment	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	rainy season
12.	removal of unwanted shrubs	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	following rotational sequence

4.5 ຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ປັດໄຈຂາເຂົ້າທີ່ຈໍາເປັນໃນຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ

	ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ	ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ປະລິມານ	ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ	% ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ
ແຮງງານ	Labour	ha	1.0	296.0	296.0	100.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Machine use	ha	1.0	32.5	32.5	100.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Animal traction	ha	1.0	72.3	72.3	100.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Tools	ha	1.0	385.0	385.0	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Seeds	ha	1.0	76.3	76.3	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Seedligs	ha	1.0	79.5	79.5	100.0
ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	58.0	58.0	100.0
ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ	Biocides	ha	1.0	47.4	47.4	100.0
ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ	Compost/manure	ha	1.0	78.0	78.0	100.0
ວັດສະດຸກໍ່ສ້າງ	Stone	ha	1.0	244.0	244.0	100.0
ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ					1369.0

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 ບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ / ແຜນຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ກິດຈະກໍາ

	ກິດຈະກໍາ	ປະເພດ ມາດຕະການ	ໄລຍະເວລາ / ຄວາມຖີ່
1.	tillaging	ພືດ	before rain / annually
2.	tillaging	ພືດ	on set / seasonally
3.	manure application	ພືດ	dry season / annually
4.	grass cutting and gapping	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	onset of rain /twice per season
5.	prunning and trimming	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	after every harvest /annual
6.	pollading and copsing	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	when intended /after several years
7.	retention/infiltration	ໂຄງສ້າງ	before onset of rain/seasonally
8.	ditch cleaning	ໂຄງສ້າງ	before onset of rain/anually
9.	Bench terraces repairing	ໂຄງສ້າງ	before onset of rain/when necessary
10.	Water channel cleaning/repairing	ໂຄງສ້າງ	dry period/seasonally
11.	grass cutting for stall feedinf	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	rainy season / at maturity stage
12.	gapping	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	rainy season / seasonally

4.7 ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ ແລະ ປັດໄຈນໍາເຂົ້າທີ່ຈໍາເປັນສໍາລັບການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາກິດຈະກໍາ / ແຜນປະຕິບັດ (ຕໍ່ປີ)

	ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ	ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ປະລິມານ	ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ	% ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ
ແຮງງານ	Labour	ha	1.0	98.0	98.0	100.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Animal traction	ha	1.0	72.3	72.3	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Seeds	ha	1.0	67.3	67.3	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Seedlings	ha	1.0	55.7	55.7	100.0
ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	44.2	44.2	100.0
ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ	Biocides	ha	1.0	21.5	21.5	100.0
ວັດສະດຸກໍ່ສ້າງ	Earth	ha	1.0	244.0	244.0	100.0
ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ					603.0

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Machinery/ tools: oxplough, oxcart, hoe, sprayer, shovel, wheelbarrow

The above costs were calculated in cost per qm

4.8 ປັດໄຈ ທີ່ສໍາຄັນ ທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບ ຕໍ່ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ

ໃຫ້ອະທິບາຍ ປັດໃຈ ທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບ ຕໍ່ຕົ້ນທຶນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ:

Factors affecting the costs include hard ground at SWC peak period, labour, slope, catchment area, channel size and source of income

5.1 ອາກາດ

5.2 ພູມິປະເທດ

ຄຳເຫັນ ແລະ ຂໍ້ມູນສະເພາະ ເພີ່ມເຕີມ ກ່ຽວກັບ ພູມີປະເທດ:

Altitudinal zone: about 1000 m a.s.l. average

Landforms: Footslopes 8-16% slope and valley floors 2-8% slope

Slopes on average: Moderate = 6.5 % and rolling = 12 %

5.3 ດິນ

ຖ້າເປັນໄປໄດ້ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ຕິດຄັດ ການພັນລະນາດິນ ຫຼື ຂໍ້ມູນສະເພາະຂອງດິນ, ຕົວຢ່າງ, ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ປະເພດຂອງດິນ, ຄ່າຄວາມເປັນກົດ / ເປັນດ່າງຂອງດິນ, ສານອາຫານ,​ ດິນເຄັມ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ.

Soil depth on average: shallow = 35 cm average and moderately deep = 65 cm average

Soil texture: Coarse/light = degradable/erodable and medium is common in the division

Soil fertility is medium in newly opened lands but fertility depletes quickly and is therefore also low.

Topsoil organic matter is medium on newly opened land and low after several years of cultivation.

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium with regular improvement, but there is also top soil crusting and therefore drainage becomes poor,

Soil water storage capacity is low during long duration of rainfall intervals and medium (effectiveness not realistic).

5.6 ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

20% of the land users are rich and own 20% of the land (prestige).
35% of the land users are average wealthy and own 30% of the land (improved living standard).
25% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land (for subsistance).

Off-farm income specification: Most of youth seek for off-farm employment. Others due to lack of employment engage on trading as small holders.

Level of mechanization: Around 75 % use animal traction and manual labour is especially used for weeding

5.7 ພື້ນທີ່ສະເລ່ຍຂອງທີ່ດິນ ຫຼື ເຊົ່າໂດຍຜູ້ໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

5.8 ເຈົ້າຂອງທີ່ດິນ, ສິດໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ, ແລະ ສິດທິການນໍາໃຊ້ນໍ້າ

ເຈົ້າຂອງດິນ:

• ບຸກຄົນ, ບໍ່ມີຕໍາແໜ່ງ
• ບຸກຄົນ, ທີ່ມີຕໍາແໜ່ງ

ສິດທິ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ:

• ບຸກຄົນ

6.1 ການສະແດງຜົນກະທົບ ພາຍໃນພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຜົນກະທົບທາງເສດຖະກິດສັງຄົມ

ການຜະລິດ

ລາຍໄດ້ ແລະ ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ

ຜົນກະທົບດ້ານວັດທະນາທໍາສັງຄົມ

ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ລະບົບນິເວດ

ວົງຈອນນໍ້າ / ນໍ້າ

ດິນ

6.2 ຜົນກະທົບທາງອ້ອມ ຈາກການນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

6.4 ການວິເຄາະຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ຜົນປະໂຫຍດ

ຈະເຮັດປະໂຫຍດເພື່ອປຽບທຽບກັບຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍກັບສິ່ງກໍ່ສ້າງ (ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ນຳໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ) ໄດ້ແນວໃດ?

ຈະໄດ້ຮັບຜົນປະໂຫຍດເມື່ອປຽບທຽບກັບ / ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍໃນການບຳລຸງຮັກສາທີເ່ກີດຂື້ນອິກ (ຈາກທັດສະນະຄະຕິຂອງຜູ້ນຳໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ) ໄດ້ແນວໃດ?

6.5 ການປັບຕົວຮັບເອົາເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

• 1-10%

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າມີ, ປະລິມານ (ຈໍານວນຂອງຄົວເຮືອນ / ເນື້ອທີ່ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ):

630 household covered an area of 9%

ທັງໝົດນັ້ນ ແມ່ນໃຜ ທີ່ເປັນຜູ້ປັບຕົວ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ, ມີຈັກຄົນ ທີ່ສາມາດເຮັດເອງໄດ້, ຕົວຢ່າງ, ປາດສະຈາກ ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ທາງດ້ານອຸປະກອນ / ການຈ່າຍເປັນເງິນ?

• 90-100%

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

630 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Pressure on daily personal needs. No other sources of income yet the rainfall is not reliable in ASALS.

6.7 ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ / ໂອກາດ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ / ໂອກາດໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
induces the technique of implementation How can they be sustained / enhanced? land users be aquidance with the technology and its importance.
land users acquires more grass for stall feeding. How can they be sustained / enhanced? introduction of intensive grazing system.
reduces floods of heavy storms downsteram. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Proper tillage to curb soil crusting and hardban.

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຈຸດດີ / ໂອກາດ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ
water harvest increases farm production and reduces risks of crop failure. How can they be sustained / enhanced? To stabilize SWC structure embankments, desilt channels and retention ditches.
Improvement in infiltration rate and moisture holding capacity. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Use of manure, organic matter, inorganic fertlizer and appropriate tillage.
Reduces soil, fertility, runoff and overland flow losses How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maximum adaptability of the SWC technology to ustain high production level.
Enhanced vegetative cover for moisture retention. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Intercropping, mulching and repairing where needed.
Reduces erosion by wind and other land degradation. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Appropriate stocking rate andd replanting trees and grass.

6.8 ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ແລະ ວິທີການແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາ

ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນມຸມມອງຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
consumes a lot of time to implement the technology	the land user awareness of the importance of the activity.
Technology area resists a direct grazing	to mitiate stall feeding
the technology design is beyond the farmers knowledge.	continuous interaction with SWC specialists.

ຈຸດອ່ອນ/ຂໍ້ບົກຜ່ອງ/ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
Land area reduced by SWC structures constructed.	Use of certified seeds, manure and fertilizer.
soil fertility is interfered with.	more manure and organic matter use.
High labour cost requirement to implement the technology.	Introduced source of smooth loan and policy for ASALS.
Risk of water logging where soil drainage is unaimable.	acquired knowledge of different soil types and applicable technology and system.
cost-benefit return can last long to be realized.	to maintain record for both, implementing cost and income from the given area (SWC area)

7.2 ເອກກະສານອ້າງອີງທີ່ເປັນບົດລາຍງານ

ຫົວຂໍ້, ຜູ້ຂຽນ, ປີ, ISBN:

SWC manual for Kenya by D:B: Thomas. 1997.

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ຫົວຂໍ້, ຜູ້ຂຽນ, ປີ, ISBN:

SWC technology Dev. in ASAL by Kithinji Mutunga

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SWC branch, free

ຫົວຂໍ້, ຜູ້ຂຽນ, ປີ, ISBN:

SC in Kenya, Carl G.Wenner. 1984.

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Aici, free

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ony superb DXE-180 video

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