1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

01/05/2017

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Declaração de sustentabilidade da tecnologia descrita

A tecnologia descrita aqui é problemática em relação a degradação da terra de forma que não pode ser declarada uma tecnologia de gestão sustentável de terra?

Não

Comentários:

Land management practice is intended to preserve and restore soil conditions in the area of implementation.

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

The practice consists in the installation of a water capture system, coming from the fog of the Cerro Shaushi zone, that allows to cover the need of water for domestic consumption of the inhabitants of the upper zone of the Community of Shaushi.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

The technology was applied in the Shaushi community in La Matriz parish, Canton Quero, province of Tungurahua. It consists in the installation of fog water capture system, declaration of a conservation and protection area, and participatory monitoring of water quality and quantity. Among the purposes of the technology is to make the population aware of the sustainable use of the territory and of the environmental services it provides, and to motivate them to take an active part in the conservation and protection of natural areas and water sources. Major activities are the periodic revision of the water capture system, repair and/or replacement of deteriorated or destroyed elements, and the continuous evaluation of the functionality of the practice, and continuous monitoring of water quality and quantity. The main benefit is the availability of water for human consumption in quantity and quality, conservation of natural areas, improvement of the relationship between human beings and nature, and to have hydrometeorological information for research purposes. The users of the practice are satisfied with its implementation and the benefits perceived so far, as they have been able to demonstrate the improvements described. As an opportunity for improvement, the need to deepen the knowledge about the páramo ecosystem and its benefits within the community is established. In addition, the initiative to implement this system in other geographical points is proposed, considering its benefits and the natural conditions of the area that make possible the availability of water for the community.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• atráves de inovação dos usuários da terra
• durante experiências/ pesquisa
• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

This practice was established thanks to the management carried out by the "Mancomunidda del Frente Sur Occidental", "Fondo de Páramos de Tungurahua" and "the international organization Figth Against Poverty", with the financing of cooperating entities such as "Consorcio para el Desarrollo de la Ecorregión Andina" (CONDESAN) and the Ministry of the Environment, however, it was also a decision of the community of Shaushi, who assigned the area of implementation of the practice for conservation purposes.The reserve tank stores water from the fog water capture system and from the Quintina water source for domestic consumption in the Shuashi Community, with which it can supply the beneficiary population (30 families).

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• Reduz, previne, recupera a degradação do solo
• Preserva ecossistema
• Protege uma bacia/zonas a jusante – em combinação com outra tecnologia
• Preservar/melhorar a biodiversidade
• Cria impacto social benéfico

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Caso o uso da terra tenha mudado devido a implementação da tecnologia, indique seu uso anterior à implementação da tecnologia:

The area where the practice was implemented was an area that was partially intervened with activities related to agriculture, grazing and forest plantations (native species and pine). Today the area is restricted under a conservation and protection agreement.

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Misto de precipitação natural-irrigado

Comentários:

The area where the practice is applied does not require irrigation since it is currently under conservation agreement. The area of direct influence, outside the conservation area, in the Shaushi community uses rainwater and the Mocha - Quero Canal irrigation system as irrigation water.

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 2

Especifique:

In the cultivated area the crops (outside the conservation area) are rotated approximately after 4 to 6 months, depending on the product.

Densidade animal (se relevante):

In the Shaushi Community, an average of 5-7 cattle per hectare is evident.

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Reserva ( suspensão do uso, apoio à recuperação)
• Coleta de água
• Gestão/proteção de zonas úmidas

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Especifique a difusão da tecnologia:

• Aplicado em pontos específicos/concentrado numa pequena área

Comentários:

The practice of applying a water capture system, although installed in specific points, is accompanied by the declaration of the implantation zone as a conservation and protection area.

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

Comentários:

Monitoring of water quality and quantity. The measures chosen correspond in the first case to the water capture system and in the second case refers to the declaration of the area of implantation of the practice as a conservation area.

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

The practice avoids that in the area of conservation and sources of water they are intervened by the inhabitants of the Community of Shaushi and by the cattle of their property, with the development of sustainable activities like the capture of fog water that does not affect the availability of the resource. The water supply for domestic use for the inhabitants of Shaushi is currently provided by the Junta de Shaushi, San Vicente and Pueblo Viejo Drinking Water System. However, service coverage is partial; the inhabitants of the upper area of the Shaushi community do not have access to the water because the population has expanded over time to higher altitudes, making it impossible for the system to provide service for technical and infrastructural reasons. However, the population could not be fully supplied and there was a risk of contamination because there was no adequate infrastructure to distribute water for the two required uses.

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Prevenir degradação do solo
• Reduzir a degradação do solo

Comentários:

The practice also includes the sustainable management of soil and territory with the capture of water from the fog, the declaration of this area as an area of conservation and protection that will prevent deep soil degradation.

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Especificações técnicas/ explicações do desenho técnico

Dimensions

Capture Panel Review and Breakthrough Tanks

Height = 4 m. length = 1.0 m.
Length = 10 m. width = 1.0 m.
depth = 1.0 m.
Driving line storage tank

Length = 343 m. length = 3 m.
Diameter = 32 mm. width = 2 m.
depth = 2 m.

Tank capacity Overhaul and breaker tanks

Volume = 1 m3
Storage tank
Volume = 12 m3

Slope angle: Mostly the terrain of the practice implantation zone is 30-40%.

Construction material used: Galvanized steel pipes, zaran mesh, cement, stone, sand and gravel, PVC pipes, fittings (keys, elbows, valves, etc.), iron stakes for supports, tensioners, tol lids for tanks.

Area 137 ha, owned by Shaushi Community
Altitude range approx. 3400-3700 m
Slope range 30 - 40 %.


Parameters considered: pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, water temperature, precipitation and flow.

Monitoring points water storage tank.
1) Precipitation: Nearby of the water capture screen (neblinometer).
2) Flow: to one side of the water capture panel (neblinometer).

Monthly frequency
1) Precipitation: Weekly
2) Flow: Weekly


Materials and/or equipment used
1) pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids: Multiparametric equipment.

2) Water temperature: Thermometer and/or multiparametric

equipment

1) Precipitation: Totalizer rain gauge (wooden stake, plastic bottle, mangueta, measuring probe.
2) Flow: Micrometer (water meter).

4.3 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

Especifique como custos e entradas foram calculados:

• por área de tecnologia

Especifique a moeda utilizada para os cálculos de custo:

• Dólares norte-americanos

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Installation of fog water capture system	Estrutural	Only once the site has been identified.
2.	Declaration of conservation and protection area in the area of implementation of the practice	Gestão	Only once the area of interest has been identified.
3.	Participatory monitoring of water quality and quantity.	Outras medidas	Amount of water: weekly Water quality: monthly

Comentários:

The most relevant activities carried out for the implementation of the practice are considered. In the following paragraphs the declaration activity of the conservation area will not be considered due to the fact that it is an inter-institutional management activity only.

4.5 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

Se possível, discrimine os custos de implantação de acordo com a seguinte tabela, especificando entradas e custos por entrada. Se não for possível, dê uma estimativa dos custos totais de implantação da tecnologia:

33238,86

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	Construction and installation of the elements of the water capture system. Skilled and unskilled labor.	1	1,0	26176,33	26176,33	3,4
Mão-de-obra	Water quality and quantity monitoring (measurements)	1	1,0	500,0	500,0	100,0
Equipamento	Miscellaneous materials for the construction and installation of the water harvesting system	1	1,0	2012,53	2012,53
Equipamento	Materials and equipment for water quality and quantity sampling and measurements	1	1,0	4550,0	4550,0
Custos totais para a implantação da tecnologia					33238,86

Se o usuário da terra arca com menos que 100% dos custos, indique quem cobre os custos remanescentes:

The cooperating entities for the application of the practice were: CONDESAN, Ministry of Environment MAE (Project GIDACC), FMPLPT, Autonomous Decentralized Municipal Government of the canton Santiago Quero and the Commonwealth of FSO.

Comentários:

The costs were estimated on the basis of the information available from the cooperating entities.

4.6 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade/frequência
1.	Review of fog water capture system and additional elements for monitoring.	Outras medidas	weekly
2.	Repair and/or replacement of deteriorated or damaged elements.	Estrutural	when necessary

4.7 Custos e entradas necessárias pata a manutenção/atividades recorrentes (por ano)

Se possível, discrimine os custos de manutenção de acordo com a seguinte tabela, especificando entradas e custos por entrada. Se não for possível, dê uma estimativa dos custos totais de manutenção da tecnologia:

4900,0

Se o usuário da terra arca com menos que 100% dos custos, indique quem cobre os custos remanescentes:

The costs so far have been assumed by the Technical Unit of the Commonwealth of Southern Western Front.

Comentários:

It is proposed that an agreement be made with the community to establish responsibilities for the maintenance of the practice.

4.8 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

According to the perception of the beneficiaries, the most important factor that can affect the system and therefore the costs, are the environmental conditions of the area, especially the presence of strong winds that could mainly affect the water capture panel fog.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Indique se a tecnologia é aplicada especificamente em:

• Posições convexas

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a topografia:

The actions carried out as part of the practice are located in an area with rugged topography, mostly in convex areas.

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

The soils of Quero are volcanic and are mainly differentiated by the parental material: there are soils formed in recent volcanic ash (Andosoles: northern and central soils) and soils formed in meteorized metamorphic rock (Inceptisoles: southern soils).
Specifically they are evidenced from Udic Eutrandepts soils (Hv) and their characteristics are: isothermal black; francs with fine to medium sand with clear presence of silt; 4 to 5% organic matter from 0 to 20 cm; deep (1m); friable; well drained; water retention from 10 to 20%; neutral pH; medium natural fertility.
In this area, also have an Entic Distrandepts soils (Dny) and their characteristics are: with content of coarse pumice sand in more than 35% over the whole profile. Moderate to high water retention capacity, 50 to 80%; very black; loamy pseudo-silt textures; deep; well drained.

5.4 Disponibilidade e qualidade de água

A salinidade da água é um problema?

Não

Ocorre inundação da área?

Não

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a qualidade e a quantidade da água:

The monitoring of the captured water is currently being carried out, with the result that up to now the water is of acceptable quality. There is no specific groundwater information available for the area. It is estimated that the soil is not very permeable and the aquifers are very localized (INAMHI, 2015).

5.5 Biodiversidade

Comentários e outras especificações sobre biodiversidade:

In order to determine the diversity of the practice area, the following data are considered: The Sierra del Ecuador region is characterized for being crossed by knots and high mountain chains (with their moors), which have their own biodiversity and diversity of environments and habitats, due to isolation. The ecosystem maintains shrub and herbaceous vegetation (Mena and Medina, 2001). The moor in Quero canton has an evident fragility, due to the constant expansion of the agricultural frontier, overgrazing, burning of grasslands, deforestation, etc., so that the area destined for conservation and protection in the Community of Shaushi is only a remnant of this ecosystem (GAD Quero, 2014).

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

In order to determine the relative level of poverty, data are taken from the 2010 National Census conducted by INEC, which indicates that the percentage of poor due to unsatisfied basic needs in Quero canton is 84.5% (GAD Quero, 2014; SNI, 2017). The components or dimensions: (i) quality of housing, (ii) overcrowding, (iii) access to basic services, (iv) access to education and (v) economic capacity (INEC, 2016).

5.7 Média da área de terra própria ou arrendada por usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

• mixed

• mixed

Direitos do uso da água:

• Comunitário (organizado)

Comentários:

In the area of direct influence (Shaushi Community) the lands are individual property except for the area destined for conservation and protection which is communal.

5.9 Acesso a serviços e infraestrutura

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Disponibilidade e qualidade de água

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Biodiversidade: vegetação, animais

Clima e redução de riscos de desastre

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

Comentários relativos à avaliação de impacto:

Impacts that have been classified as insignificant are thus valued because they are impacts expected by the practices considering their scope, but which have not been measured or perceived by the population as opposed to the impacts valued at the time of analysis.

6.3 Exposição e sensibilidade da tecnologia às mudanças climáticas graduais e extremos/desastres relacionados ao clima (conforme o ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)

Mudança climática gradual

Mudança climática gradual

	Estação do ano	Tipo de mudança climática/extremo	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Temperatura anual		aumento	não conhecido
Precipitação pluviométrica anual		aumento	bem
Outras mudanças climáticas graduais	Loss of seasonality	aumento	não conhecido

Extremos (desastres) relacionados ao clima

Desastres climatológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Onde de frio	bem

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Comentários:

The most plausible benefit for the population of the Shaushi Community is the availability of water for human consumption for the inhabitants who did not have it, so the comparison in terms of costs is assumed in the case of not having the practice, which would represent carrying out a project to transport the water from another geographical point, which would be more costly. On the other hand, the perceived benefits also include environmental and health benefits, which are not quantified economically, thanks to the conservation of the area of implantation of the practice.

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

• mais que 50%

Se disponível, determine a quantidade (número de unidades familiares e/ou área abordada):

23

Entre todos aqueles que adotaram a tecnologia, quantos adotaram espontaneamente, ou seja, sem receber nenhum incentivo material/pagamentos?

• 90-100%

Comentários:

The decision to adopt the practice was made within the Shaushi Community (beneficiaries) for those who did not have the service, where the villagers understood the need to allocate the area for conservation and protection considering the benefits it provides, and the advantage of having a system that would provide water for the consumption of the villagers who did not have the resource.

6.6 Adaptação

A tecnologia foi recentemente modificada para adaptar-se as condições variáveis?

Sim

Outros (especificar):

Climatic conditions, terrain and structure of the water capture panel.

Especifique a adaptação da tecnologia (desenho, material/espécie, etc):

The dimensions of the excavations were reviewed to place the holders and turnbuckles, considering the slope and shape of the relief so that the system is stable.

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
The commitment of the inhabitants of the community to preserve the environment and specifically the protection area that provides them with water in quantity and quality.
The water capture system provides them with direct benefits in terms of the availability of drinking water for this zone.
Participatory monitoring is beneficial because it allows them to control the quality and quantity of water that the system can provide.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Plant restoration trials can be carried out to improve knowledge in these ecosystems, which were intervened and which are subsequently destined for conservation.
It is possible to investigate how a natural ecosystem in conservation interacts with the areas in its surroundings that are highly intervened and how it could affect it.
Decrease in dependence on other water sources for sustainable management of soil and other resources.
Investigations can be carried out based on the measurements and analysis of water quantity and quality carried out and to be carried out. Analysis of soil moisture and other elements may be included.
Implementation of other practices for research and/or sustainable use of soil and water, with high community participation.
The community can be strengthened with respect to issues related to the conservation of these ecosystems and the services they provide, so that they can be properly managed and managed.

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Some users do not respect the rules established for the management of the area destined for conservation, and residues from past activities are still observed.	Sanctions can be established for the presence of any improper action, however, in parallel with the practice, training should continue to involve users more in the review and maintenance activities, in order to achieve a better result.
The environmental conditions of the site, especially the strength of the wind in the area.	It is being continuously reviewed to detect any impact on the system, especially on the water capture panel, which could break or become dislocated.
In the water capture panel fog, due to the height of the water collection gutter, it splashes in heavy rain events allowing soil to enter into the system from the ground. The same factor when the system becomes saturated or plugged the water overflows into the gutter, so collection is sometimes inefficient.	The functionality of the system is being reviewed, if necessary any modifications will be made in coordination with the community.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Lack of a preventive and corrective maintenance plan to maintain optimal conditions.	It is neccesary to include a preventive and corrective maintenance plan that should be agreed between the technical area of the cooperating entities and with the users of the communities for its application.
The practice of permanent monitoring is insufficient, because data collection is minimal.	The cooperating entities and community authorities can establish a monitoring action plan that covers several lines, including infrastructure such as monitoring for research purposes.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

"Los páramos del Ecuador". Mena Vásconez Patricio y Medina Galo. 2001. Abya-Yala / Proyecto Páramo, Quito.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Available for free online: https://www.portalces.org/sites/default/files/references/044_Mena%20et%20al.%20(Eds.).%20%202001.Paramos%20Ecuador%20PORTADA%2B_%2BHOJA%2BTECNICA%2BY%2BPRESENTACION.pdf

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

"La biodiversidad en el Ecuador". Bravo Velásquez Elizabeth. 2014. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Cuenca-Ecuador.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Available for free online: https://dspace.ups.edu.ec/handle/123456789/6788

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Actualización Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial-Quero 2014. Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del Cantón Quero. 2014.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Available for free online: http://app.sni.gob.ec/sni-link/sni/PORTAL_SNI/data_sigad_plus/sigadplusdiagnostico/1860000800001_PDYOT%20QUERO%20CONSOLIDADO_19-04-2015_20-19-44.pdf

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Informe de implementación de un sistema de captura de agua niebla en la comunidad de Shaushi, en el cantón Quero. Guevara Rocío. 2017. Fondo de Manejo de Páramos y Lucha contra la pobreza Tungurahua.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

In the archives of the Tungurahua Wetland Fund and Fight against Poverty in the GAD of the province of Tungurahua.

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Informe y base de datos de Shaushi y Llimpes, que incluye la línea base llena y estructurada de acuerdo a los lineamientos de CONDESAN. Calle Juan. 2017. CONDESAN.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

In the archives of the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion CONDESAN.

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Informe final de “Construcción de un sistema de captura de agua niebla en la comunidad de Shaushi, cantón Quero”. Mancomunidad de GADs municipales “Frente Sur Occidental” de la provincia de Tungurahua. 2017.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

In the archives of the Technical Unit of the Mancomunidad de GADs municipales "Frente Sur Occidental" of the province of Tungurahua.

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Manual de monitoreo hídrico participativo. Calles Juan. 2016. CONDESAN.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

In the archives of the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion CONDESAN.

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Reporte de Pobreza y Desigualdad. Diciembre 2016. INEC. Dirección responsable de la información estadística y contenidos: Dirección de Innovación en Métricas y Metodologías.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Available for free online: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/POBREZA/2016/Diciembre_2016/Reporte%20pobreza%20y%20desigualdad-dic16.pdf

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Ubicación del Nuevo Relleno Sanitario en base a criterios ambientales, socioeconómicos y técnicos, y propuesta de Plan de Reciclaje en la ciudad de Quero, Cantón Quero Provincia del Tungurahua. Cubillo Paulina. 2005. Escuela Politécnica del Ejército.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Available for free online: http://repositorio.espe.edu.ec/xmlui/handle/21000/722

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Introducción a la Hidrogeología del Ecuador (Segunda Versión). Burbano Napoléon, Becerra Simón, Pasquel Efrén. 2014. INAMHI

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Available for free online: http://www.serviciometeorologico.gob.ec/Publicaciones/Hidrologia/HIDROGEOLOGIA_2%20EDICION_2014.pdf

7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online

Título/ descrição:

Anuarios meteorológicos del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INAMHI.

URL:

http://www.forosecuador.ec/forum/ecuador/educaci%C3%B3n-y-ciencia/35393-inamhi-anuarios-metereol%C3%B3gicos-en-pdf

Título/ descrição:

Boletín Anual del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INAMHI.

URL:

http://www.serviciometeorologico.gob.ec/boletin-anual/

Título/ descrição:

Indicadores de pobreza del INEC 2010. Sistema Nacional de Información.

URL:

http://indestadistica.sni.gob.ec/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=SNI.qvw&host=QVS@kukuri&anonymous=truehttp://indestadistica.sni.gob.ec/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=SNI.qvw&host=QVS@kukuri&anonymous=true&bookmark=Document/BM27

Título/ descrição:

Sistema Nacional de Información. Página de la Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo del Ecuador

URL:

http://app.sni.gob.ec/web/menu/