1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

01/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

Land management practice is intended to preserve and restore soil conditions in the area of implementation.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The practice consists in the installation of a water capture system, coming from the fog of the Cerro Shaushi zone, that allows to cover the need of water for domestic consumption of the inhabitants of the upper zone of the Community of Shaushi.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology was applied in the Shaushi community in La Matriz parish, Canton Quero, province of Tungurahua. It consists in the installation of fog water capture system, declaration of a conservation and protection area, and participatory monitoring of water quality and quantity. Among the purposes of the technology is to make the population aware of the sustainable use of the territory and of the environmental services it provides, and to motivate them to take an active part in the conservation and protection of natural areas and water sources. Major activities are the periodic revision of the water capture system, repair and/or replacement of deteriorated or destroyed elements, and the continuous evaluation of the functionality of the practice, and continuous monitoring of water quality and quantity. The main benefit is the availability of water for human consumption in quantity and quality, conservation of natural areas, improvement of the relationship between human beings and nature, and to have hydrometeorological information for research purposes. The users of the practice are satisfied with its implementation and the benefits perceived so far, as they have been able to demonstrate the improvements described. As an opportunity for improvement, the need to deepen the knowledge about the páramo ecosystem and its benefits within the community is established. In addition, the initiative to implement this system in other geographical points is proposed, considering its benefits and the natural conditions of the area that make possible the availability of water for the community.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

This practice was established thanks to the management carried out by the "Mancomunidda del Frente Sur Occidental", "Fondo de Páramos de Tungurahua" and "the international organization Figth Against Poverty", with the financing of cooperating entities such as "Consorcio para el Desarrollo de la Ecorregión Andina" (CONDESAN) and the Ministry of the Environment, however, it was also a decision of the community of Shaushi, who assigned the area of implementation of the practice for conservation purposes.The reserve tank stores water from the fog water capture system and from the Quintina water source for domestic consumption in the Shuashi Community, with which it can supply the beneficiary population (30 families).

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

The area where the practice was implemented was an area that was partially intervened with activities related to agriculture, grazing and forest plantations (native species and pine). Today the area is restricted under a conservation and protection agreement.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

The area where the practice is applied does not require irrigation since it is currently under conservation agreement. The area of direct influence, outside the conservation area, in the Shaushi community uses rainwater and the Mocha - Quero Canal irrigation system as irrigation water.

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

In the cultivated area the crops (outside the conservation area) are rotated approximately after 4 to 6 months, depending on the product.

牲畜密度（如相关）:

In the Shaushi Community, an average of 5-7 cattle per hectare is evident.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 区域封闭（停止使用，支持恢复）
• 集水
• 湿地保护/管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

The practice of applying a water capture system, although installed in specific points, is accompanied by the declaration of the implantation zone as a conservation and protection area.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Monitoring of water quality and quantity. The measures chosen correspond in the first case to the water capture system and in the second case refers to the declaration of the area of implantation of the practice as a conservation area.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The practice avoids that in the area of conservation and sources of water they are intervened by the inhabitants of the Community of Shaushi and by the cattle of their property, with the development of sustainable activities like the capture of fog water that does not affect the availability of the resource. The water supply for domestic use for the inhabitants of Shaushi is currently provided by the Junta de Shaushi, San Vicente and Pueblo Viejo Drinking Water System. However, service coverage is partial; the inhabitants of the upper area of the Shaushi community do not have access to the water because the population has expanded over time to higher altitudes, making it impossible for the system to provide service for technical and infrastructural reasons. However, the population could not be fully supplied and there was a risk of contamination because there was no adequate infrastructure to distribute water for the two required uses.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

The practice also includes the sustainable management of soil and territory with the capture of water from the fog, the declaration of this area as an area of conservation and protection that will prevent deep soil degradation.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Dimensions

Capture Panel Review and Breakthrough Tanks

Height = 4 m. length = 1.0 m.
Length = 10 m. width = 1.0 m.
depth = 1.0 m.
Driving line storage tank

Length = 343 m. length = 3 m.
Diameter = 32 mm. width = 2 m.
depth = 2 m.

Tank capacity Overhaul and breaker tanks

Volume = 1 m3
Storage tank
Volume = 12 m3

Slope angle: Mostly the terrain of the practice implantation zone is 30-40%.

Construction material used: Galvanized steel pipes, zaran mesh, cement, stone, sand and gravel, PVC pipes, fittings (keys, elbows, valves, etc.), iron stakes for supports, tensioners, tol lids for tanks.

Area 137 ha, owned by Shaushi Community
Altitude range approx. 3400-3700 m
Slope range 30 - 40 %.


Parameters considered: pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, water temperature, precipitation and flow.

Monitoring points water storage tank.
1) Precipitation: Nearby of the water capture screen (neblinometer).
2) Flow: to one side of the water capture panel (neblinometer).

Monthly frequency
1) Precipitation: Weekly
2) Flow: Weekly


Materials and/or equipment used
1) pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids: Multiparametric equipment.

2) Water temperature: Thermometer and/or multiparametric

equipment

1) Precipitation: Totalizer rain gauge (wooden stake, plastic bottle, mangueta, measuring probe.
2) Flow: Micrometer (water meter).

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Installation of fog water capture system	结构性的	Only once the site has been identified.
2.	Declaration of conservation and protection area in the area of implementation of the practice	管理	Only once the area of interest has been identified.
3.	Participatory monitoring of water quality and quantity.	其它措施	Amount of water: weekly Water quality: monthly

注释:

The most relevant activities carried out for the implementation of the practice are considered. In the following paragraphs the declaration activity of the conservation area will not be considered due to the fact that it is an inter-institutional management activity only.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果可能，按下表分列技术建立费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出建立该技术的总成本估算。:

33238.86

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Construction and installation of the elements of the water capture system. Skilled and unskilled labor.	1	1.0	26176.33	26176.33	3.4
劳动力	Water quality and quantity monitoring (measurements)	1	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
设备	Miscellaneous materials for the construction and installation of the water harvesting system	1	1.0	2012.53	2012.53
设备	Materials and equipment for water quality and quantity sampling and measurements	1	1.0	4550.0	4550.0
技术建立所需总成本					33238.86

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The cooperating entities for the application of the practice were: CONDESAN, Ministry of Environment MAE (Project GIDACC), FMPLPT, Autonomous Decentralized Municipal Government of the canton Santiago Quero and the Commonwealth of FSO.

注释:

The costs were estimated on the basis of the information available from the cooperating entities.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Review of fog water capture system and additional elements for monitoring.	其它措施	weekly
2.	Repair and/or replacement of deteriorated or damaged elements.	结构性的	when necessary

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果可能，按下表分解技术维护费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出维护该技术的总成本估算。:

4900.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The costs so far have been assumed by the Technical Unit of the Commonwealth of Southern Western Front.

注释:

It is proposed that an agreement be made with the community to establish responsibilities for the maintenance of the practice.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

According to the perception of the beneficiaries, the most important factor that can affect the system and therefore the costs, are the environmental conditions of the area, especially the presence of strong winds that could mainly affect the water capture panel fog.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凸形情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The actions carried out as part of the practice are located in an area with rugged topography, mostly in convex areas.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

The soils of Quero are volcanic and are mainly differentiated by the parental material: there are soils formed in recent volcanic ash (Andosoles: northern and central soils) and soils formed in meteorized metamorphic rock (Inceptisoles: southern soils).
Specifically they are evidenced from Udic Eutrandepts soils (Hv) and their characteristics are: isothermal black; francs with fine to medium sand with clear presence of silt; 4 to 5% organic matter from 0 to 20 cm; deep (1m); friable; well drained; water retention from 10 to 20%; neutral pH; medium natural fertility.
In this area, also have an Entic Distrandepts soils (Dny) and their characteristics are: with content of coarse pumice sand in more than 35% over the whole profile. Moderate to high water retention capacity, 50 to 80%; very black; loamy pseudo-silt textures; deep; well drained.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The monitoring of the captured water is currently being carried out, with the result that up to now the water is of acceptable quality. There is no specific groundwater information available for the area. It is estimated that the soil is not very permeable and the aquifers are very localized (INAMHI, 2015).

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

In order to determine the diversity of the practice area, the following data are considered: The Sierra del Ecuador region is characterized for being crossed by knots and high mountain chains (with their moors), which have their own biodiversity and diversity of environments and habitats, due to isolation. The ecosystem maintains shrub and herbaceous vegetation (Mena and Medina, 2001). The moor in Quero canton has an evident fragility, due to the constant expansion of the agricultural frontier, overgrazing, burning of grasslands, deforestation, etc., so that the area destined for conservation and protection in the Community of Shaushi is only a remnant of this ecosystem (GAD Quero, 2014).

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

In order to determine the relative level of poverty, data are taken from the 2010 National Census conducted by INEC, which indicates that the percentage of poor due to unsatisfied basic needs in Quero canton is 84.5% (GAD Quero, 2014; SNI, 2017). The components or dimensions: (i) quality of housing, (ii) overcrowding, (iii) access to basic services, (iv) access to education and (v) economic capacity (INEC, 2016).

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

• mixed

• mixed

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

In the area of direct influence (Shaushi Community) the lands are individual property except for the area destined for conservation and protection which is communal.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

水资源可用性和质量

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

Impacts that have been classified as insignificant are thus valued because they are impacts expected by the practices considering their scope, but which have not been measured or perceived by the population as opposed to the impacts valued at the time of analysis.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	未知
年降雨量		增加	好
其他渐变气候	Loss of seasonality	增加	未知

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
寒潮	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The most plausible benefit for the population of the Shaushi Community is the availability of water for human consumption for the inhabitants who did not have it, so the comparison in terms of costs is assumed in the case of not having the practice, which would represent carrying out a project to transport the water from another geographical point, which would be more costly. On the other hand, the perceived benefits also include environmental and health benefits, which are not quantified economically, thanks to the conservation of the area of implantation of the practice.

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

23

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

The decision to adopt the practice was made within the Shaushi Community (beneficiaries) for those who did not have the service, where the villagers understood the need to allocate the area for conservation and protection considering the benefits it provides, and the advantage of having a system that would provide water for the consumption of the villagers who did not have the resource.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

其它（具体说明）:

Climatic conditions, terrain and structure of the water capture panel.

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The dimensions of the excavations were reviewed to place the holders and turnbuckles, considering the slope and shape of the relief so that the system is stable.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The commitment of the inhabitants of the community to preserve the environment and specifically the protection area that provides them with water in quantity and quality.
The water capture system provides them with direct benefits in terms of the availability of drinking water for this zone.
Participatory monitoring is beneficial because it allows them to control the quality and quantity of water that the system can provide.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Plant restoration trials can be carried out to improve knowledge in these ecosystems, which were intervened and which are subsequently destined for conservation.
It is possible to investigate how a natural ecosystem in conservation interacts with the areas in its surroundings that are highly intervened and how it could affect it.
Decrease in dependence on other water sources for sustainable management of soil and other resources.
Investigations can be carried out based on the measurements and analysis of water quantity and quality carried out and to be carried out. Analysis of soil moisture and other elements may be included.
Implementation of other practices for research and/or sustainable use of soil and water, with high community participation.
The community can be strengthened with respect to issues related to the conservation of these ecosystems and the services they provide, so that they can be properly managed and managed.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Some users do not respect the rules established for the management of the area destined for conservation, and residues from past activities are still observed.	Sanctions can be established for the presence of any improper action, however, in parallel with the practice, training should continue to involve users more in the review and maintenance activities, in order to achieve a better result.
The environmental conditions of the site, especially the strength of the wind in the area.	It is being continuously reviewed to detect any impact on the system, especially on the water capture panel, which could break or become dislocated.
In the water capture panel fog, due to the height of the water collection gutter, it splashes in heavy rain events allowing soil to enter into the system from the ground. The same factor when the system becomes saturated or plugged the water overflows into the gutter, so collection is sometimes inefficient.	The functionality of the system is being reviewed, if necessary any modifications will be made in coordination with the community.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Lack of a preventive and corrective maintenance plan to maintain optimal conditions.	It is neccesary to include a preventive and corrective maintenance plan that should be agreed between the technical area of the cooperating entities and with the users of the communities for its application.
The practice of permanent monitoring is insufficient, because data collection is minimal.	The cooperating entities and community authorities can establish a monitoring action plan that covers several lines, including infrastructure such as monitoring for research purposes.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

"Los páramos del Ecuador". Mena Vásconez Patricio y Medina Galo. 2001. Abya-Yala / Proyecto Páramo, Quito.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available for free online: https://www.portalces.org/sites/default/files/references/044_Mena%20et%20al.%20(Eds.).%20%202001.Paramos%20Ecuador%20PORTADA%2B_%2BHOJA%2BTECNICA%2BY%2BPRESENTACION.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

"La biodiversidad en el Ecuador". Bravo Velásquez Elizabeth. 2014. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Cuenca-Ecuador.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available for free online: https://dspace.ups.edu.ec/handle/123456789/6788

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Actualización Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial-Quero 2014. Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del Cantón Quero. 2014.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available for free online: http://app.sni.gob.ec/sni-link/sni/PORTAL_SNI/data_sigad_plus/sigadplusdiagnostico/1860000800001_PDYOT%20QUERO%20CONSOLIDADO_19-04-2015_20-19-44.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Informe de implementación de un sistema de captura de agua niebla en la comunidad de Shaushi, en el cantón Quero. Guevara Rocío. 2017. Fondo de Manejo de Páramos y Lucha contra la pobreza Tungurahua.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

In the archives of the Tungurahua Wetland Fund and Fight against Poverty in the GAD of the province of Tungurahua.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Informe y base de datos de Shaushi y Llimpes, que incluye la línea base llena y estructurada de acuerdo a los lineamientos de CONDESAN. Calle Juan. 2017. CONDESAN.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

In the archives of the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion CONDESAN.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Informe final de “Construcción de un sistema de captura de agua niebla en la comunidad de Shaushi, cantón Quero”. Mancomunidad de GADs municipales “Frente Sur Occidental” de la provincia de Tungurahua. 2017.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

In the archives of the Technical Unit of the Mancomunidad de GADs municipales "Frente Sur Occidental" of the province of Tungurahua.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Manual de monitoreo hídrico participativo. Calles Juan. 2016. CONDESAN.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

In the archives of the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion CONDESAN.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Reporte de Pobreza y Desigualdad. Diciembre 2016. INEC. Dirección responsable de la información estadística y contenidos: Dirección de Innovación en Métricas y Metodologías.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available for free online: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/POBREZA/2016/Diciembre_2016/Reporte%20pobreza%20y%20desigualdad-dic16.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Ubicación del Nuevo Relleno Sanitario en base a criterios ambientales, socioeconómicos y técnicos, y propuesta de Plan de Reciclaje en la ciudad de Quero, Cantón Quero Provincia del Tungurahua. Cubillo Paulina. 2005. Escuela Politécnica del Ejército.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available for free online: http://repositorio.espe.edu.ec/xmlui/handle/21000/722

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Introducción a la Hidrogeología del Ecuador (Segunda Versión). Burbano Napoléon, Becerra Simón, Pasquel Efrén. 2014. INAMHI

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available for free online: http://www.serviciometeorologico.gob.ec/Publicaciones/Hidrologia/HIDROGEOLOGIA_2%20EDICION_2014.pdf

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Anuarios meteorológicos del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INAMHI.

URL:

http://www.forosecuador.ec/forum/ecuador/educaci%C3%B3n-y-ciencia/35393-inamhi-anuarios-metereol%C3%B3gicos-en-pdf

标题/说明:

Boletín Anual del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INAMHI.

URL:

http://www.serviciometeorologico.gob.ec/boletin-anual/

标题/说明:

Indicadores de pobreza del INEC 2010. Sistema Nacional de Información.

URL:

http://indestadistica.sni.gob.ec/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=SNI.qvw&host=QVS@kukuri&anonymous=truehttp://indestadistica.sni.gob.ec/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=SNI.qvw&host=QVS@kukuri&anonymous=true&bookmark=Document/BM27

标题/说明:

Sistema Nacional de Información. Página de la Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo del Ecuador

URL:

http://app.sni.gob.ec/web/menu/