1.2 ລາຍລະອຽດ ການຕິດຕໍ່ ຂອງບຸກຄົນທີ່ຊັບພະຍາກອນ ແລະ ສະຖາບັນ ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນການປະເມີນຜົນ ແລະ ເອກະສານ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ຊື່ຂອງ ສະຖາບັນການຈັດຕັ້ງ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) - ໂອແມນ

1.3 ເງື່ອນໄຂ ຂອງການນໍາໃຊ້ເອກກະສານຂໍ້ມູນ ຂອງ WOCAT

ເມື່ອໃດທີ່ໄດ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ (ຢູ່ພາກສະໜາມ)?

15/09/2013

ຜູ້ສັງລວມ ແລະ ບັນດາຜູ້ຕອບແບບສອບຖາມ ຍອມຮັບໃນເງື່ອນໄຂ ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນເອກະສານ ທີ່ສ້າງຂື້ນ ໂດຍຜ່ານ ອົງການ WOCAT:

ແມ່ນ

2.1 ການອະທິບາຍ ໂດຍຫຍໍ້ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

Mapping of land degradation in the Sultanate of Oman to identify areas with various degrees of degradation, and factors and processes causing degradation.

2.2 ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງວິທີທາງ:

The Environment Authority has implemented land degradation mapping in the Sultanate of Oman in the Governorate of Dhofar, South and North Al Sharqiyah Governorates, and the Governorate of Al Dakhiliyah, in cooperation with Sultan Qaboos University, with the aim of identifying areas with various degrees of degradation and identifying the factors and processes causing degradation.
This investigation was based on high-resolution satellite imagery using NDVI as an Index of land degradation in the Dhofar Mountains and the invasion of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora.) in the plain of Salalah, as well as very high resolution aerial and satellite images of Jebal Al-Akhder derived from National Survey Authority. Precipitation data from two WMO stations were also utilized to test the link between precipitation and vegetation health. Vegetation was mapped to monitor changes and its health over time. In addition, a socio-economic survey in the Governorate of Dhofar was conducted, based on random sampling. The survey covered 6 different locations (Taqa, Taaqa farm, Zaik, Qiroon, Marbath, Al-Haqq and Taitam). The preliminary results clearly show that the study area has witnessed significant land use change between 1985 and 2013, marked by the emerging of a significant built-up area and water conservation infrastructure.
Spot images clearly show sharp changes in vegetation health through the years from 1994 to 2013. Vegetative vigour is lower in all years compared to 1994. Besides, the investigation shows a statistical relationship between rainfall and the status of the health of vegetation. Monsoon rainfall has an impact on the growth of vegetation. Around 2002-2003, the region suffered a major drought. Between 2012 and 2013, vegetative activity shows a decreasing trend. The analysis identified an area affected by the worst degree of land degradation. This area is situated in the southeastern of the Dhofar Mountains. In this area the process of land degradation is very active, with significant decrease in vegetation in 2013 compared to 2004. The mequite invasion in the Salalah Plain contributed to the degradation of natural vegetative cover in Dhofar Governorate. In nearly 30 years, the infested area almost quadrupled, indicating an average rate of expansion of 122,555m2 per year. The mesquite stands seem to have survived through the drought of 2002-2003.
The preliminary results of the survey clearly show that the mountains of Dhofar are under heavy anthropic pressure. The number of livestock is increasing and the native plant species are in great demand for cooking and heating.
Fortunately, the analysis identifies two areas, situated in the south-west of the study area, where vegetation has increased in vigor and density. The areas preserved from this process are usually inaccessible and far from human activities.
Vegetation cover change in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar from 1985 to 2014 was analysed using very high resolution aerial and satellite images. Vegetation cover is also studied near settlements, dams, in wadis, and in agricultural areas. The change in total vegetation cover in the study area of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar from 1985 to 2014 is very evident from the analysis of the data and maps produced.
Vegetation cover increased from 7.38 km2 during 1985 to 13.65 km2 in 2014. This change of vegetation cover was most noticeable in wadis and gullies where vegetation increased from 4.56 km2 during to 9.38 km2. One main factor that might be contributing to this increase of vegetation in wadis is the increase in the number of dams for storing surface water, as the number of dams increased from 7 in 1985 in the study area to 27 in 2014. Vegetation within and around 1 km of settlements in the study area increased from 2.09 km2 during 1985 to 5.45 km2 in 2014. In all other areas, that are distant from human activities, there is a considerable change in green vegetation cover between 1985 and 2014 where vegetation cover increased from 2.49 km2 in 1985 to 3.91 km2 in 2014. It is important to note here that vegetation cover density has a strong correlation with the amount of rainfall in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar and there was a large difference in the annual rainfall between the two years, i.e. 1985 and 2014. The annual rainfall in 1985 was about 150mm for that particular year. The year 1984 was not much better where annual rainfall was lower than 200mm according to available records. The annual rainfall in 2013, the year preceding date of image in 2014, was 466mm, which is three times higher that that of 1985. Given the results of this study, there is a clear indication that the amount of rainfall plays a major role in defining the density of vegetation cover even if land degradation is taking place in very localized areas where there is pressure from grazing, urbanization, and tourism.

2.3 ຮູບພາບຂອງແນວທາງ

2.5 ປະເທດ / ເຂດ / ສະຖານທີ່ບ່ອນທີ່ແນວທາງໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້

2.6 ວັນທີເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ ແລະ ສິ້ນສຸດ ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕີບັດ ວິທີທາງ

2.7 ປະເພດຂອງແນວທາງ

• ພາຍໃຕ້ໂຄງການ / ແຜນງານ

2.8 ເປົ້າໝາຍ / ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກ ຂອງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ

1.Monitoring and survey of land degradation and areas vulnerable to degradation
2.Enhancing human abilities in land degradation issues
3.Identifying various degrees of degraded areas, and factors and processes causing degradation
4.Regular monitoring of degraded areas

2.9 ເງື່ອນໄຂອໍານວຍ ຫຼື ຂັດຂວາງການປະຕິບັດຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີການນໍາໃຊ້ຕາມແນວທາງ

3.1 ຜູ້ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນວິທີທາງ ແລະ ພາລະບົດບາດ ຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າ

3.2 ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ / ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນໃນໄລຍະທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນຂອງແນວທາງ

	ການລວບລວມ ເອົາຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ / ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ	ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນແຕ່ລະກິດຈະກໍາ?
ການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ / ແຮງຈູງໃຈ	ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຈາກພາຍນອກ	Governor's offices in respective regions played a major role in motivating community leaders to participate in the project
ການປະຕິບັດ	ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຈາກພາຍນອກ	Regional directorates and Governor offices helped in organizing meetings with local communities to collect information about land use activities, including farming and grazing, in their respective villages

3.3 ແຜນວາດ (ຖ້າມີ)

3.4 ການຕັດສິນໃຈກ່ຽວກັບການຄັດເລືອກເຕັກໂນໂລຢີຂອງການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ລະບຸ ຄົນທີ່ຕັດສິນໃຈ ກ່ຽວກັບການຄັດເລືອກຂອງ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ຈະໄດ້ຮັບການປະຕິບັດ:

• ນັກການເມືອງ / ຜູ້ນໍາ

Specify on what basis decisions were made:

• ຜົນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບ ຈາກການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ

4.1 ການສ້າງຄວາມສາມາດ / ການຝຶກອົບຮົມ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ຫຼື ພາກສ່ວນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງອື່ນໆ ໄດ້ຮັບການຝຶກອົບຮົມບໍ່?

ແມ່ນ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຝຶກອົບຮົມ:

• ພະນັກງານພາກສະໜາມ / ທີ່ປຶກສາ

ຮູບແບບຂອງການຝຶກອົບຮົມ:

• ຫຼັກສູດ

ໃນຫົວຂໍ້:

1.Understanding GIS and geographical approach to land degradation
2. Use of remote sensing techniques for data collection
3. Land degradation assessment in drylands

4.2 ການບໍລິການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ

ເຮັດຜູ້ໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນມີການເຂົ້າເຖິງການບໍລິການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

4.3 ສະຖາບັນການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ (ການພັດທະນາອົງການຈັດຕັ້ງ)

ສະຖາບັນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສ້າງຕັ້ງຂື້ນ ຫຼື ໄດ້ຮັບການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ ໂດຍການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງບໍ່?

• ມີ, ພໍສົມຄວນ

ລະບຸ ທາງສະຖາບັນ ໄດ້ສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ ໃນລະດັບໃດ (ຫຼາຍ):

• ແຫ່ງຊາດ

ລະບຸ ປະເພດ ຂອງສະໜັບສະໜູນ:

• ການສ້າງຄວາມອາດສາມາດ / ການຝຶກອົບຮົມ

4.4 ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ ແລະ ປະເມີນຜົນ

ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ ໄດ້ມີການປະເມີນຜົນ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມບໍ?

ແມ່ນ

ຖ້າແມ່ນ, ເອກກະສານສະບັບນີ້ ແມ່ນໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຕິດຕາມ ແລະ ປະເມີນຜົນບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

4.5 ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ

ນີ້້ແມ່ນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງ ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ ຂອງວິທີທາງບໍ່?

ແມ່ນ

ລະບຸ ຫົວຂໍ້:

• ສັງຄົມ
• ລະບົບນິເວດ

5.1 ງົບປະມານປະຈໍາປີ ສໍາລັບວິທີທາງ ຂອງການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

ຖ້າຫາກບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັດງົບປະມານທີ່ແນ່ນອນ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ປະມານເອົາ:

• 100,000-1,000,000

5.2 ການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານການເງິນ / ອຸປະກອນ ສະໜອງໃຫ້ແກ່ຜູ້ນໍາທີ່ດິນ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານ ການເງິນ / ອຸປະກອນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີບໍ?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

5.4 ສິນເຊື່ອ

ໄດ້ປ່ອຍສິນເຊື່ອ ສະໜອງໃຫ້ພາຍໃຕ້ ວິທີການສໍາລັບກິດຈະກໍາ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນນຍົງບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

5.5 ສິ່ງຈູງໃຈ ຫຼື ເຄື່ອງມືອື່ນໆ

ການສົ່ງເສີມ ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໃນການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ ໄດ້ສະໜອງສິ່ງກະຕຸກຊຸກຍູ້ບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

6.1 ຜົນກະທົບຂອງແນວທາງ

6.2 ແຮງຈູງໃຈຫຼັກຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນໃນການປະຕິບັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

6.3 ຄວາມຍືນຍົງຂອງກິດຈະກໍາວິທີທາງ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ທີ່ດິນ ສາມາດສືບຕໍ່ ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ຜ່ານວິທີທາງໄດ້ບໍ່ (ໂດຍປາດສະຈາກ ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ຈາກພາກສ່ວນພາຍນອກ)?

• ບໍ່ແນ່ນອນ

6.4 ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຈຸດດີ / ໂອກາດ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ
1-As the results show that the amount of rainfall plays a major role in defining the density of vegetation, water catchment techniques can be deployed during rainfall periods – especially during Dhofar monsoon characterized with white fog and light rains- such as fog harvesting, increasing recharge dams, using new irrigation techniques from dams for affected areas
2-By mapping land degradation in the Sultanate, areas that need protective strategies and policies can be defined, to avoid the degradation of areas of similar features through the coordination with respective sectors including urban planning, tourism, and agriculture.
3- As the analysis identifies areas where vegetation has increased in vigor and density, factors leading to that may be explored and studied in order to apply same factors in similar environments.

6.5 ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍຂອງແນວທາງ ແລະ ວິທີການແກ້ໄຂໃຫ້ເຂົາເຈົ້າ

ຈຸດອ່ອນ ຫຼື ຂໍ້ເສຍ ຫຼື ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ໃນມຸມມອງຂອງ ຜູ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບັນດາຜູ້ຕອບແບບສອບຖາມ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
1-As the spread and type of vegetation and climatic conditions differs greatly from area to area in the Sultanate of Oman, different procedures and techniques need to be employed.	studying the general conditions and features of each area and applying different procedures and techniques based on specific characteristics.
2-Analysis of vegetation change using satellite images in terrain characterized by deep slopes and deep valleys in some areas in the Sultanate is very difficult.	using very high resolution remotely sensed images
3-High resolution remotely sensed images are sometimes unavailable for past periods, which hinder studying vegetation change in this region where using satellite is difficult as well.

7.1 ວິທີການ / ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ