1.2 Технологийг үнэлэх, баримтжуулах ажилд хамаарах мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүс, байгууллагуудын холбоо барих мэдээлэл

1.3 ВОКАТ-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?

01/05/2017

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

1.4 Технологи тогтвортой гэдгийг баталгаажуулах

Энэ технологийг газрын доройтлыг бууруулж, газрын тогтвортой менежментийг хангахад тохиромжтой гэж үзэж болох уу?

Үгүй

Тайлбар:

Land management practice is intended to preserve and restore soil conditions in the area of implementation.

2.1 Технологийн товч тодорхойлолт

Технологийн тодорхойлолт:

The practice consists in the installation of a water capture system, coming from the fog of the Cerro Shaushi zone, that allows to cover the need of water for domestic consumption of the inhabitants of the upper zone of the Community of Shaushi.

2.2 Технологийн дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Тодорхойлолт:

The technology was applied in the Shaushi community in La Matriz parish, Canton Quero, province of Tungurahua. It consists in the installation of fog water capture system, declaration of a conservation and protection area, and participatory monitoring of water quality and quantity. Among the purposes of the technology is to make the population aware of the sustainable use of the territory and of the environmental services it provides, and to motivate them to take an active part in the conservation and protection of natural areas and water sources. Major activities are the periodic revision of the water capture system, repair and/or replacement of deteriorated or destroyed elements, and the continuous evaluation of the functionality of the practice, and continuous monitoring of water quality and quantity. The main benefit is the availability of water for human consumption in quantity and quality, conservation of natural areas, improvement of the relationship between human beings and nature, and to have hydrometeorological information for research purposes. The users of the practice are satisfied with its implementation and the benefits perceived so far, as they have been able to demonstrate the improvements described. As an opportunity for improvement, the need to deepen the knowledge about the páramo ecosystem and its benefits within the community is established. In addition, the initiative to implement this system in other geographical points is proposed, considering its benefits and the natural conditions of the area that make possible the availability of water for the community.

2.3 Технологийн гэрэл зураг

2.5 Энэ үнэлгээнд хамрагдсан технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн улс орон/ бүс нутаг/ байршил

2.6 Хэрэгжсэн хугацаа

Байгуулсан тодорхой оныг мэдэхгүй бол баримжаа хугацааг тодорхойл:

• <10 жилийн өмнө (саяхны)

2.7 Технологийн танилцуулга

Технологийг хэрхэн нэвтрүүлснийг тодорхойл:

• Газар ашиглагчдын санаачилгаар
• Туршилт/судалгааны үр дүн
• Гадны төсөл/хөтөлбөрийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр

Тайлбар (төслийн төрөл г.м.):

This practice was established thanks to the management carried out by the "Mancomunidda del Frente Sur Occidental", "Fondo de Páramos de Tungurahua" and "the international organization Figth Against Poverty", with the financing of cooperating entities such as "Consorcio para el Desarrollo de la Ecorregión Andina" (CONDESAN) and the Ministry of the Environment, however, it was also a decision of the community of Shaushi, who assigned the area of implementation of the practice for conservation purposes.The reserve tank stores water from the fog water capture system and from the Quintina water source for domestic consumption in the Shuashi Community, with which it can supply the beneficiary population (30 families).

3.1 Технологийн үндсэн зорилго (ууд)

• газрын доройтлыг бууруулах, сэргийлэх, нөхөн сэргээх
• экосистемийг хамгаалах
• сав газрыг хамгаалах (усны эх/ голын адаг) - бусад технологитой хослуулах
• биологийн төрөл зүйлийг хамгаалах / сайжруулах
• нийгэмд үзүүлэх үр нөлөөг бий болгох

3.2 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын одоогийн газар ашиглалтын хэлбэр(үүд)

Хэрэв технологи нэвтрүүлснээр газар ашиглалтад өөрчлөлт гарсан бол технологи нэвтрүүлэхээс өмнө байсан газар ашиглалтын хэлбэрийг тодорхойлно уу:

The area where the practice was implemented was an area that was partially intervened with activities related to agriculture, grazing and forest plantations (native species and pine). Today the area is restricted under a conservation and protection agreement.

3.3 Газар ашиглалтын тухай нэмэлт мэдээлэл

Технологи хэрэгжүүлсэн газрын усан хангамж:

• Байгалийн/усалгаатай арга хосолсон

Тайлбар:

The area where the practice is applied does not require irrigation since it is currently under conservation agreement. The area of direct influence, outside the conservation area, in the Shaushi community uses rainwater and the Mocha - Quero Canal irrigation system as irrigation water.

Жилд ургамал ургах улирлын тоо:

• 2

Тодорхойлно уу:

In the cultivated area the crops (outside the conservation area) are rotated approximately after 4 to 6 months, depending on the product.

Малын нягт (шаардлагатай бол):

In the Shaushi Community, an average of 5-7 cattle per hectare is evident.

3.4 Технологи ГТМ-ийн аль бүлэгт хамаарах вэ

• Газар нутаг чөлөөлөх (ашиглалтыг зогсоох, нөхөн сэргээх)
• Ус хуримтлуулах
• Ус намгархаг газрын хамгаалал / менежмент

3.5 Технологийн хамрах талбай

Технологи өргөн дэлгэрсэн эсхийг тодорхойл:

• тодорхой газар хэрэгжсэн/ жижиг талбайд төвлөрсөн

Тайлбар:

The practice of applying a water capture system, although installed in specific points, is accompanied by the declaration of the implantation zone as a conservation and protection area.

3.6 Технологийг бүрдүүлэх ГТМ арга хэмжээ

Тайлбар:

Monitoring of water quality and quantity. The measures chosen correspond in the first case to the water capture system and in the second case refers to the declaration of the area of implantation of the practice as a conservation area.

3.7 Технологид харгалзах газрын доройтлын төрөл

Тайлбар:

The practice avoids that in the area of conservation and sources of water they are intervened by the inhabitants of the Community of Shaushi and by the cattle of their property, with the development of sustainable activities like the capture of fog water that does not affect the availability of the resource. The water supply for domestic use for the inhabitants of Shaushi is currently provided by the Junta de Shaushi, San Vicente and Pueblo Viejo Drinking Water System. However, service coverage is partial; the inhabitants of the upper area of the Shaushi community do not have access to the water because the population has expanded over time to higher altitudes, making it impossible for the system to provide service for technical and infrastructural reasons. However, the population could not be fully supplied and there was a risk of contamination because there was no adequate infrastructure to distribute water for the two required uses.

3.8 Газрын доройтлоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх, сааруулах ба нөхөн сэргээх

Газрын доройтолтой холбоотойгоор Технологи ямар зорилго тавьсан болохыг тодорхойл:

• газрын доройтлоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх
• Газрын доройтлыг бууруулах

Тайлбар:

The practice also includes the sustainable management of soil and territory with the capture of water from the fog, the declaration of this area as an area of conservation and protection that will prevent deep soil degradation.

4.1 Технологийн техник зураг

4.2 Техникийн үзүүлэлт/ техникийн зургийн тайлбар

Dimensions

Capture Panel Review and Breakthrough Tanks

Height = 4 m. length = 1.0 m.
Length = 10 m. width = 1.0 m.
depth = 1.0 m.
Driving line storage tank

Length = 343 m. length = 3 m.
Diameter = 32 mm. width = 2 m.
depth = 2 m.

Tank capacity Overhaul and breaker tanks

Volume = 1 m3
Storage tank
Volume = 12 m3

Slope angle: Mostly the terrain of the practice implantation zone is 30-40%.

Construction material used: Galvanized steel pipes, zaran mesh, cement, stone, sand and gravel, PVC pipes, fittings (keys, elbows, valves, etc.), iron stakes for supports, tensioners, tol lids for tanks.

Area 137 ha, owned by Shaushi Community
Altitude range approx. 3400-3700 m
Slope range 30 - 40 %.


Parameters considered: pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, water temperature, precipitation and flow.

Monitoring points water storage tank.
1) Precipitation: Nearby of the water capture screen (neblinometer).
2) Flow: to one side of the water capture panel (neblinometer).

Monthly frequency
1) Precipitation: Weekly
2) Flow: Weekly


Materials and/or equipment used
1) pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids: Multiparametric equipment.

2) Water temperature: Thermometer and/or multiparametric

equipment

1) Precipitation: Totalizer rain gauge (wooden stake, plastic bottle, mangueta, measuring probe.
2) Flow: Micrometer (water meter).

4.3 Материал болон зардалд хамаарах ерөнхий мэдээлэл

Үнэ өртөг, оруулсан хувь нэмрийг хэрхэн тооцсоныг тодорхойл:

• Технологийн нэгж тус бүр

Үнэ өртөгийг тооцоход ашигласан мөнгөн нэгж:

• Америк доллар

4.4 Бий болгох үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа
1.	Installation of fog water capture system	Барилга байгууламжийн	Only once the site has been identified.
2.	Declaration of conservation and protection area in the area of implementation of the practice	Менежментийн	Only once the area of interest has been identified.
3.	Participatory monitoring of water quality and quantity.	Бусад арга хэмжээ	Amount of water: weekly Water quality: monthly

Тайлбар:

The most relevant activities carried out for the implementation of the practice are considered. In the following paragraphs the declaration activity of the conservation area will not be considered due to the fact that it is an inter-institutional management activity only.

4.5 Бий болгоход шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг

Боломжтой бол доорхи хүснэгтийн дагуу технологийг бий болгоход гарсан зардлыг тодорхойлж, нийт болон нэгжийн өртгийг зааж өгнө үү. Хэрэв зардлыг нэр төрлөөр тодорхойлох боломжгүй бол тоймлон оруулна уу:

33238.86

	Зардлын нэр, төрөл	Хэмжих нэгж	Тоо хэмжээ	Нэгжийн үнэ	Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг	Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн %
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	Construction and installation of the elements of the water capture system. Skilled and unskilled labor.	1	1.0	26176.33	26176.33	3.4
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	Water quality and quantity monitoring (measurements)	1	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
Тоног төхөөрөмж	Miscellaneous materials for the construction and installation of the water harvesting system	1	1.0	2012.53	2012.53
Тоног төхөөрөмж	Materials and equipment for water quality and quantity sampling and measurements	1	1.0	4550.0	4550.0
Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг					33238.86

Хэрэв газар ашиглагч нийт зардлын 100% -иас бага хэсгийг төлсөн бол хэн голлох зардлыг гаргасан бэ:

The cooperating entities for the application of the practice were: CONDESAN, Ministry of Environment MAE (Project GIDACC), FMPLPT, Autonomous Decentralized Municipal Government of the canton Santiago Quero and the Commonwealth of FSO.

Тайлбар:

The costs were estimated on the basis of the information available from the cooperating entities.

4.6 Арчилгаа/ урсгал үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа/ давтамж
1.	Review of fog water capture system and additional elements for monitoring.	Бусад арга хэмжээ	weekly
2.	Repair and/or replacement of deteriorated or damaged elements.	Барилга байгууламжийн	when necessary

4.7 Арчилгаа/урсгал ажилд шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг (нэг жилд)

Боломжтой бол доорхи хүснэгтийн дагуу технологийг бий болгоход гарсан зардлыг тодорхойлж нийт болон нэгжийн өртгийг зааж өгнө үү. Хэрэв зардалыг задалж чадахгүй бол Технологийг арчилах, тордоход гарсан зардлыг баримжаагаар тооцож оруулна уу:

4900.0

Хэрэв газар ашиглагч нийт зардлын 100% -иас бага хэсгийг төлсөн бол хэн голлох зардлыг гаргасан бэ:

The costs so far have been assumed by the Technical Unit of the Commonwealth of Southern Western Front.

Тайлбар:

It is proposed that an agreement be made with the community to establish responsibilities for the maintenance of the practice.

4.8 Зардалд нөлөөлж байгаа хамгийн чухал хүчин зүйл

Өртөг, зардалд нөлөөлөх гол хүчин зүйл:

According to the perception of the beneficiaries, the most important factor that can affect the system and therefore the costs, are the environmental conditions of the area, especially the presence of strong winds that could mainly affect the water capture panel fog.

5.1 Уур амьсгал

5.2 Гадаргын хэлбэр

Технологи дараах асуудалд хандсан эсэхийг тодорхойл:

• гүдгэр нөхцөл

Гадаргын талаархи тодорхойлолт ба бусад тайлбар:

The actions carried out as part of the practice are located in an area with rugged topography, mostly in convex areas.

5.3 Хөрс

Боломжтой бол хөрсний бүрэн тодорхойлолт, боломжит мэдээллийг өгнө үү, жишээ нь хөрсний төрөл, хөрсний урвалын орчин/хүчиллэг байдал, катион солилцох чадавхи, азотын хэмжээ, давсжилт г.м.

The soils of Quero are volcanic and are mainly differentiated by the parental material: there are soils formed in recent volcanic ash (Andosoles: northern and central soils) and soils formed in meteorized metamorphic rock (Inceptisoles: southern soils).
Specifically they are evidenced from Udic Eutrandepts soils (Hv) and their characteristics are: isothermal black; francs with fine to medium sand with clear presence of silt; 4 to 5% organic matter from 0 to 20 cm; deep (1m); friable; well drained; water retention from 10 to 20%; neutral pH; medium natural fertility.
In this area, also have an Entic Distrandepts soils (Dny) and their characteristics are: with content of coarse pumice sand in more than 35% over the whole profile. Moderate to high water retention capacity, 50 to 80%; very black; loamy pseudo-silt textures; deep; well drained.

5.4 Усны хүртээмж ба чанар

Усны давсжилтын асуудал бий юу?

Үгүй

Энэ газар үерт автдаг уу?

Үгүй

Усны чанар, нөөцийн талаархи тайлбар ба бусад тодорхойлолт:

The monitoring of the captured water is currently being carried out, with the result that up to now the water is of acceptable quality. There is no specific groundwater information available for the area. It is estimated that the soil is not very permeable and the aquifers are very localized (INAMHI, 2015).

5.5 Биологийн олон янз байдал

Биологийн олон янз байдлын талаархи тайлбар ба бусад тодорхойлолт:

In order to determine the diversity of the practice area, the following data are considered: The Sierra del Ecuador region is characterized for being crossed by knots and high mountain chains (with their moors), which have their own biodiversity and diversity of environments and habitats, due to isolation. The ecosystem maintains shrub and herbaceous vegetation (Mena and Medina, 2001). The moor in Quero canton has an evident fragility, due to the constant expansion of the agricultural frontier, overgrazing, burning of grasslands, deforestation, etc., so that the area destined for conservation and protection in the Community of Shaushi is only a remnant of this ecosystem (GAD Quero, 2014).

5.6 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчдын тухай мэдээлэл

Газар ашиглагчдын бусад шинж чанарыг тодорхойл:

In order to determine the relative level of poverty, data are taken from the 2010 National Census conducted by INEC, which indicates that the percentage of poor due to unsatisfied basic needs in Quero canton is 84.5% (GAD Quero, 2014; SNI, 2017). The components or dimensions: (i) quality of housing, (ii) overcrowding, (iii) access to basic services, (iv) access to education and (v) economic capacity (INEC, 2016).

5.7 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчийн өмчилж буй, эзэмшиж буй, түрээсэлж буй эсвэл ашиглаж буй (ашиглах эрх) газрын талбай

5.8 Газар эзэмшил, газар ашиглах эрх, ус ашиглах эрх

• mixed

• mixed

Ус ашиглах эрх:

• нэгдлийн хэлбэрээр (зохион байгуулалттай)

Тайлбар:

In the area of direct influence (Shaushi Community) the lands are individual property except for the area destined for conservation and protection which is communal.

5.9 Дэд бүтэц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж

6.1 Технологийн талбайд үзүүлсэн нөлөө

Нийгэм-эдийн засгийн үр нөлөө

Усны хүртээмж ба чанар

Нийгэм-соёлын үр нөлөө

Экологийн үр нөлөө

Усны эргэлт/ илүүдэл

Хөрс

Биологийн олон янз байдал: ургамал, амьтан

Уур амьсгал болон гамшгийн эрсдлийг бууруулах

6.2 Технологийн талбайн гадна үзүүлсэн үр нөлөө

Нөлөөллийн үнэлгээнд хамаарах нэмэлт тайлбар:

Impacts that have been classified as insignificant are thus valued because they are impacts expected by the practices considering their scope, but which have not been measured or perceived by the population as opposed to the impacts valued at the time of analysis.

6.3 Технологийн уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт, цаг агаарын гамшигт үзэгдэлд өртөх байдал ба эмзэг байдал (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)

Уур амьсгалын аажим өөрчлөлт

Уур амьсгалын аажим өөрчлөлт

	Улирал	Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт/экстрим үзэгдлийн төрөл	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
жилийн дундаж температур		Өсөлт	мэдэхгүй
жилийн дундаж хур тундас		Өсөлт	сайн
бусад аажим уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт	Loss of seasonality	Өсөлт	мэдэхгүй

Уур амьсгалаас хамаарах аюул (гамшиг)

Уур амьсгалын гамшиг

	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
хэт хүйтрэл	сайн

6.4 Өртөг ба ашгийн шинжилгээ

Бий болгох зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

Арчилгаа/урсгал зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

Тайлбар:

The most plausible benefit for the population of the Shaushi Community is the availability of water for human consumption for the inhabitants who did not have it, so the comparison in terms of costs is assumed in the case of not having the practice, which would represent carrying out a project to transport the water from another geographical point, which would be more costly. On the other hand, the perceived benefits also include environmental and health benefits, which are not quantified economically, thanks to the conservation of the area of implantation of the practice.

6.5 Технологи нэвтрүүлэлт

• 50 -иас их %

Боломжтой бол, тоогоор илэрхийл (өрхийн тоо эсвэл бүрхэх талбай):

23

Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн хүмүүсээс хэд нь өөрийн хүчээр технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн бэ, өөрөөр хэлбэл гадны тусламж дэмжлэг авалгүйгээр?

• 90-100 %

Тайлбар:

The decision to adopt the practice was made within the Shaushi Community (beneficiaries) for those who did not have the service, where the villagers understood the need to allocate the area for conservation and protection considering the benefits it provides, and the advantage of having a system that would provide water for the consumption of the villagers who did not have the resource.

6.6 Дасан зохицох

Бий болсон өөрчлөлтөд зохицуулан технологийг өөрчилсөн үү?

Тийм

Бусад (тодорхойлно уу):

Climatic conditions, terrain and structure of the water capture panel.

Дасан зохицох зорилгоор технологид хийсэн өөрчлөлт (хийц, материал, төрөл зүйл г.м.):

The dimensions of the excavations were reviewed to place the holders and turnbuckles, considering the slope and shape of the relief so that the system is stable.

6.7 Технологийн давуу тал/боломжууд

Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
The commitment of the inhabitants of the community to preserve the environment and specifically the protection area that provides them with water in quantity and quality.
The water capture system provides them with direct benefits in terms of the availability of drinking water for this zone.
Participatory monitoring is beneficial because it allows them to control the quality and quantity of water that the system can provide.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
Plant restoration trials can be carried out to improve knowledge in these ecosystems, which were intervened and which are subsequently destined for conservation.
It is possible to investigate how a natural ecosystem in conservation interacts with the areas in its surroundings that are highly intervened and how it could affect it.
Decrease in dependence on other water sources for sustainable management of soil and other resources.
Investigations can be carried out based on the measurements and analysis of water quantity and quality carried out and to be carried out. Analysis of soil moisture and other elements may be included.
Implementation of other practices for research and/or sustainable use of soil and water, with high community participation.
The community can be strengthened with respect to issues related to the conservation of these ecosystems and the services they provide, so that they can be properly managed and managed.

6.8 Технологийн дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах арга зам

Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Some users do not respect the rules established for the management of the area destined for conservation, and residues from past activities are still observed.	Sanctions can be established for the presence of any improper action, however, in parallel with the practice, training should continue to involve users more in the review and maintenance activities, in order to achieve a better result.
The environmental conditions of the site, especially the strength of the wind in the area.	It is being continuously reviewed to detect any impact on the system, especially on the water capture panel, which could break or become dislocated.
In the water capture panel fog, due to the height of the water collection gutter, it splashes in heavy rain events allowing soil to enter into the system from the ground. The same factor when the system becomes saturated or plugged the water overflows into the gutter, so collection is sometimes inefficient.	The functionality of the system is being reviewed, if necessary any modifications will be made in coordination with the community.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Lack of a preventive and corrective maintenance plan to maintain optimal conditions.	It is neccesary to include a preventive and corrective maintenance plan that should be agreed between the technical area of the cooperating entities and with the users of the communities for its application.
The practice of permanent monitoring is insufficient, because data collection is minimal.	The cooperating entities and community authorities can establish a monitoring action plan that covers several lines, including infrastructure such as monitoring for research purposes.

7.1 Мэдээлэл цуглуулсан арга/эх үүсвэр

7.2 Ном, хэвлэлийн ишлэл

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

"Los páramos del Ecuador". Mena Vásconez Patricio y Medina Galo. 2001. Abya-Yala / Proyecto Páramo, Quito.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Available for free online: https://www.portalces.org/sites/default/files/references/044_Mena%20et%20al.%20(Eds.).%20%202001.Paramos%20Ecuador%20PORTADA%2B_%2BHOJA%2BTECNICA%2BY%2BPRESENTACION.pdf

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

"La biodiversidad en el Ecuador". Bravo Velásquez Elizabeth. 2014. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Cuenca-Ecuador.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Available for free online: https://dspace.ups.edu.ec/handle/123456789/6788

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Actualización Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial-Quero 2014. Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del Cantón Quero. 2014.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Available for free online: http://app.sni.gob.ec/sni-link/sni/PORTAL_SNI/data_sigad_plus/sigadplusdiagnostico/1860000800001_PDYOT%20QUERO%20CONSOLIDADO_19-04-2015_20-19-44.pdf

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Informe de implementación de un sistema de captura de agua niebla en la comunidad de Shaushi, en el cantón Quero. Guevara Rocío. 2017. Fondo de Manejo de Páramos y Lucha contra la pobreza Tungurahua.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

In the archives of the Tungurahua Wetland Fund and Fight against Poverty in the GAD of the province of Tungurahua.

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Informe y base de datos de Shaushi y Llimpes, que incluye la línea base llena y estructurada de acuerdo a los lineamientos de CONDESAN. Calle Juan. 2017. CONDESAN.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

In the archives of the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion CONDESAN.

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Informe final de “Construcción de un sistema de captura de agua niebla en la comunidad de Shaushi, cantón Quero”. Mancomunidad de GADs municipales “Frente Sur Occidental” de la provincia de Tungurahua. 2017.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

In the archives of the Technical Unit of the Mancomunidad de GADs municipales "Frente Sur Occidental" of the province of Tungurahua.

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Manual de monitoreo hídrico participativo. Calles Juan. 2016. CONDESAN.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

In the archives of the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion CONDESAN.

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Reporte de Pobreza y Desigualdad. Diciembre 2016. INEC. Dirección responsable de la información estadística y contenidos: Dirección de Innovación en Métricas y Metodologías.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Available for free online: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/POBREZA/2016/Diciembre_2016/Reporte%20pobreza%20y%20desigualdad-dic16.pdf

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Ubicación del Nuevo Relleno Sanitario en base a criterios ambientales, socioeconómicos y técnicos, y propuesta de Plan de Reciclaje en la ciudad de Quero, Cantón Quero Provincia del Tungurahua. Cubillo Paulina. 2005. Escuela Politécnica del Ejército.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Available for free online: http://repositorio.espe.edu.ec/xmlui/handle/21000/722

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Introducción a la Hidrogeología del Ecuador (Segunda Versión). Burbano Napoléon, Becerra Simón, Pasquel Efrén. 2014. INAMHI

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Available for free online: http://www.serviciometeorologico.gob.ec/Publicaciones/Hidrologia/HIDROGEOLOGIA_2%20EDICION_2014.pdf

7.3 Цахимаар олж болох хэвлэлийн холбоос (ж.нь ном, тайлан, видео г.м.)

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Anuarios meteorológicos del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INAMHI.

URL:

http://www.forosecuador.ec/forum/ecuador/educaci%C3%B3n-y-ciencia/35393-inamhi-anuarios-metereol%C3%B3gicos-en-pdf

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Boletín Anual del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INAMHI.

URL:

http://www.serviciometeorologico.gob.ec/boletin-anual/

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Indicadores de pobreza del INEC 2010. Sistema Nacional de Información.

URL:

http://indestadistica.sni.gob.ec/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=SNI.qvw&host=QVS@kukuri&anonymous=truehttp://indestadistica.sni.gob.ec/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=SNI.qvw&host=QVS@kukuri&anonymous=true&bookmark=Document/BM27

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Sistema Nacional de Información. Página de la Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo del Ecuador

URL:

http://app.sni.gob.ec/web/menu/